{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T07:08:17Z","timestamp":1784272097848,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":82,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We assessed the association between voluntary polymerase chain reaction testing of travellers and reported infection rates in the Ogasawara Islands compared with those in several other Tokyo islands. The implementation of polymerase chain reaction testing over a 2-year period was evaluated. Between September 2020 and September 2022, 38,943 of 45,900 travellers to the Ogasawara Islands underwent pre-travel polymerase chain reaction testing, with a notable increase in uptake during states of emergency. Ogasawara reported 385 positive coronavirus disease 2019 cases, with no hospitalizations or severe cases among residents, in contrast to the higher infection and hospitalization rates in Tokyo. Pre-boarding polymerase chain reaction tests were associated with lower reported infection rates in this island setting. These findings suggest that combining pre-travel testing with local mitigation measures, including case isolation systems, may help safeguard the communities of small, geographically isolated islands. These results may inform public health preparedness and response strategies for future infectious disease outbreaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268826101289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T06:48:20Z","timestamp":1774334900000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of voluntary PCR testing against COVID-19 spread in remote Japanese islands"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"154","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2202-5527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moto","family":"Kimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Institute for Health Security"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Asai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Institute for Health Security"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5732-846X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinya","family":"Tsuzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Institute for Health Security"},{"name":"University of Antwerp"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Institute for Health Security"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukari","family":"Uemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Institute for Health Security"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurika","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Institute for Health Security"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Terada-Hirashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Institute for Health Security"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Ishikane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Institute for Health Security"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukumasa","family":"Kazuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SB Coronavirus Inspection Center Corp"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SB Coronavirus Inspection Center Corp"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toyohisa","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Government Bureau of General Affairs"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Ohmagari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Institute for Health Security"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Sugiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Institute for Health Security"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268826101289_r13","unstructured":"[13] Miyake Village https:\/\/www.vill.miyake.tokyo.jp (accessed 2 December 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r14","unstructured":"[14] Office of the Governor for Policy Planning. Efforts across the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. https:\/\/www.seisakukikaku.metro.tokyo.lg.jp\/cross-efforts\/corona\/torikumi (accessed 20 December 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.06.059"},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35772\/ghm.2022.01008"},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taab116"},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abh0635"},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r9","unstructured":"[9] Hachijo Town https:\/\/www.town.hachijo.tokyo.jp (accessed 2 December 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-1495"},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba9757"},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-021-00663-8"},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r12","unstructured":"[12] Kouzushima Village https:\/\/www.vill.kouzushima.tokyo.jp (accessed 2 December 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh090"},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r10","unstructured":"[10] Oshima Town (https:\/\/www.town.oshima.tokyo.jp (accessed 2 December 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r16","unstructured":"[16] JTB https:\/\/www.jtb.co.jp (accessed 20 October 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06449-1"},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r21","unstructured":"[21] Digital Agency, Government of Japan. In the original version of this paper, the reference was made to a webpage that is no longer accessible. As of 2 July, 2022, the content was available at https:\/\/info.vrs.digital.go.jp\/dashboard:\/ \/ info.vrs.digital.go.jp \/ dashboard\/resource. The webpage has since been removed or is no longer accessible. (https:\/\/info.vrs.digital.go.jp\/dashboard). (accessed 2 July 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r8","unstructured":"[8] Ogasawara Village https:\/\/en.vill.ogasawara.tokyo.jp (accessed 6 February 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r11","unstructured":"[11] Niijima Village https:\/\/www.niijima.com\/index.html (accessed 2 December 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-00885-w"},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r17","unstructured":"[17] HIS https:\/\/www.his-j.com\/Default.aspx (accessed 20 October 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r15","unstructured":"[15] Club Tourism https:\/\/www.club-t.com (accessed 20 October 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0002052"},{"key":"S0950268826101289_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13127-7"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268826101289","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T06:59:23Z","timestamp":1784271563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268826101289\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["S0950268826101289"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268826101289","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e48"}}