{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:42:27Z","timestamp":1785404547579,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":85,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Occupational blood exposure accidents (OBEAs) pose significant risks to healthcare workers, potentially exposing them to hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and HIV. While most research focuses on hospital settings, this study assessed OBEA management in non-hospital contexts. Although our data predate the COVID pandemic, findings remain highly relevant, especially for healthcare professionals working outside hospital settings. A retrospective analysis of OBEA registry data (2006\u20132014) was conducted in a southern Dutch region. Data included demographics, profession, workplace, injury type, source status (HBV, HCV, HIV), risk assessment, post-exposure measures, and lab results. Chi-square and t-tests were applied. In total, 975 OBEA were reported. Among nurses, medical assistants, students, and housekeeping staff, subcutaneous needles (51\u201367%) and lancets (25%) were common exposure sources. Police officers mainly reported biting (26%), scratching, or spitting (70%). HBV vaccination coverage ranged from 18% (housekeeping) to over 90% (nurses, police). Post-exposure measures were taken in 52% of cases. High-risk exposures (43%) mainly affected ambulance staff, sterilization workers, police, and dentists. Sources were tested in 85% of high-risk cases: 1.4% were HBV positive, 2% HCV positive, and 1.1% HIV positive. No seroconversions occurred. Results stress the need for better HBV vaccination coverage, targeted prevention, and prompt OBEA reporting outside hospital settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268826101319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T11:34:17Z","timestamp":1774611257000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-hospital occupational blood exposure accidents: A nine-year retrospective analysis of post-exposure HIV, hepatitis B and C risk management in the Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"154","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7308-5671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elfi E.H.G.","family":"Brouwers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04af0r679","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"South Limburg Public Health Service"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02jz4aj89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Maastricht University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7354-1786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henri\u00ebtte L.G.","family":"ter Waarbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04af0r679","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"South Limburg Public Health Service"},{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, RIVM"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlijn","family":"Somers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04af0r679","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"South Limburg Public Health Service"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole H.T.M.","family":"Dukers-Muijrers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04af0r679","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"South Limburg Public Health Service"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02jz4aj89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Maastricht University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casper D.J.","family":"den Heijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04af0r679","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"South Limburg Public Health Service"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02jz4aj89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Maastricht University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian J.P.A.","family":"Hoebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04af0r679","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"South Limburg Public Health Service"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02jz4aj89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Maastricht University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02jz4aj89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268826101319_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v13.i9.1190"},{"key":"S0950268826101319_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2023.09.014"},{"key":"S0950268826101319_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldz014"},{"key":"S0950268826101319_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-006-4125-9"},{"key":"S0950268826101319_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-2988-x"},{"key":"S0950268826101319_r16","unstructured":"[16] Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment. (1998) Working Conditions Act 1998 (Arbeidsomstandighedenwet 1998). The Netherlands\/ The Hague."},{"key":"S0950268826101319_r9","volume-title":"Guidance on Management of Potential Exposure to Blood-Borne Viruses in Emergency Workers","author":"O\u2019Moore","year":"2019"},{"key":"S0950268826101319_r13","unstructured":"[13] HOSPEEM, EPSU (European Federation of Public Services Unions). (2009) Framework agreement on prevention from sharp injuries in the hospital and healthcare. Available at https:\/\/www.epsu.org\/article\/framework-agreement-prevention-sharp-injuries-hospital-and-health-care-sector (accessed 8 December 2025)."},{"key":"S0950268826101319_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.2698"},{"key":"S0950268826101319_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/gimle.461"},{"key":"S0950268826101319_r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05906-5"},{"key":"S0950268826101319_r22","unstructured":"[22] Kremer, M. , et al. (2022) A Carefully Considered Labour Migration Policy. How Long-Term Care can Benefit from Skilled Migrants. The Hague: The Dutch Advisory Council on Migration (Adviesraad Migratie)."},{"key":"S0950268826101319_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12625"},{"key":"S0950268826101319_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2013.07.003"},{"key":"S0950268826101319_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9019534"},{"key":"S0950268826101319_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy210.991"},{"key":"S0950268826101319_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14282"},{"key":"S0950268826101319_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.45.695"},{"key":"S0950268826101319_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckp163"},{"key":"S0950268826101319_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2025.10254"},{"key":"S0950268826101319_r27","unstructured":"[27] WHO (World Health Organization). 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