{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:27:41Z","timestamp":1785432461241,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":95,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study assessed whether systematically using finetype data in national surveillance of invasive meningococcal disease serogroup B (IMD-B) in the Netherlands could improve cluster detection in order to prevent further cases through public health actions. We analysed 2005\u20132023 data, including 1,642 IMD-B cases with complete finetype and municipality information (95%;\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1729). Using a generalized linear model, we calculated expected baselines for each finetype, including temporal trends. Using SaTScan\u2122, we applied Poisson scan-statistics with a 365-day window to identify spatiotemporal clusters, comparing results to epidemiological and core-genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) data. Of 453 finetypes, 308 (68%) occurred once; diversity was high (Gini-Simpson index 0.96). We identified 42 spatiotemporal clusters across 37 finetypes, comprising 132 cases (8%), with a median cluster size of two (range 2\u201321) and duration of 45\u00a0days (range 6\u2013356). Between zero and five clusters were detected yearly. Among 18 cases with known epidemiological links, 14 (78%) were within detected spatiotemporal clusters. CgMLST data from eight clusters supported some clusters but rejected others. Systematic cluster detection using finetype could reveal missed epidemiological links, potentially enabling public health action. However, its impact in preventing additional IMD-B cases is likely limited due to small cluster sizes, though meaningful given the severity of IMD-B. Simple finetype mapping may provide a resource-efficient alternative to SaTScan\u2122.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268826101368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T03:04:16Z","timestamp":1775444656000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Invasive meningococcal B disease: Spatiotemporal cluster identification using finetype data, the Netherlands, 2005\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"154","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6226-1172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Bertran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cesdt21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00s9v1h75","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"van de Kassteele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cesdt21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda J.","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cesdt21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam J.","family":"Knol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cesdt21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hester E.","family":"de Melker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cesdt21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina M.","family":"van Sorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03t4gr691","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Amsterdam UMC Location AMC"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03t4gr691","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Amsterdam UMC Location AMC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7474-1149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anneke","family":"Steens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cesdt21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268826101368_r6","unstructured":"[6] Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) (2006) Meningococcal clusters: Supplementary information to the guideline. Available at https:\/\/lci.rivm.nl\/meningokokken-clusters#3-clusters-bijzonderheden. Accessed in 2025."},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3005.231714"},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/163688a0"},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.10.001"},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r20","first-page":"2100224","article-title":"Outbreak of invasive meningococcal disease caused by a meningococcus serogroup B in a nursery school, Wallonia, Belgium, 2018","volume":"27","author":"Jacquinet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.11.2465-2466.1988"},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-7-33"},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1009.030992"},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.232397.117"},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14826.1"},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r15","unstructured":"[15] Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (CBS) (2025) Bevolking; geslacht, leeftijd en viercijferige postcode, 1 januari (Population; sex, age and four-digit postcode, 1 January). Available at https:\/\/www.cbs.nl\/nl-nl\/cijfers\/detail\/83502NED. Accessed in 2024."},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2006.00057.x"},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00401-10"},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.031369"},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r4","unstructured":"[4] Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) (2021) The National Immunisation Programme in the Netherlands. Surveillance and Developments in 2020\u20132021. Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM; 2021 [updated 2021\u201311\u201325]. Available at http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10029\/625373."},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r3","unstructured":"[3] Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). (2024) The National Immunisation Programme in the Netherlands. Surveillance and Developments in 2022\u20132023."},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30157-3"},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33622-5"},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r28","unstructured":"[28] PubMLST (2018). European Meningococcal Epidemiology in Real Time (EMERT) II. Available at https:\/\/pubmlst.org\/projects\/emert. Accessed in 2024."},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810001032"},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r23","unstructured":"[23] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2019) Guidance for the Evaluation and Public Health Management of Suspected Outbreaks of Meningococcal Disease. Available at https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/meningococcal\/downloads\/meningococcal-outbreak-guidance.pdf."},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2503.181574"},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r5","unstructured":"[5] Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) (2013) Meningococcal Meningitis and Sepsis Guideline. Available at https:\/\/lci.rivm.nl\/richtlijnen\/meningokokken-meningitis-en-sepsis. Accessed in 2025."},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2024.2329618"},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1211.060682"},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.03.017"},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.9.1377"},{"key":"S0950268826101368_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.04.005"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268826101368","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T07:00:13Z","timestamp":1784271613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268826101368\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S0950268826101368"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268826101368","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e51"}}