{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T07:08:50Z","timestamp":1784272130300,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":96,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We describe a prolonged outbreak of\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    serotype Poona (\n                    <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Poona) sequence type (ST) 308, which comprised 13 cases occurring intermittently in North West England between 2016 and 2021. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) results indicated potential exposure to a single source but a lack of good quality data from routine surveillance questionnaires initially made it challenging to identify the cause. Continuing identification of cases in young children in a small geographical area prompted further public health actions, including trawling interviews which identified that ten cases attended the same nursery. As part of enhanced case finding in this nursery, childcare staff were asked to submit faecal samples. One asymptomatic staff member was positive for\n                    <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Poona and had worked at another nursery, attended at the time by the first\n                    <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Poona child case in this outbreak. Further investigations revealed that the case had previously undergone a cholecystectomy. We report an outbreak caused by persistent carriage and shedding of\n                    <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Poona in an asymptomatic individual working with vulnerable groups, which necessitated introduction of risk management measures similar to that for Typhoidal\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella.<\/jats:italic>\n                    We also demonstrate the utility of combining epidemiological and WGS data in the public health response to\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    outbreaks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268826101393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T08:17:29Z","timestamp":1775549849000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation of a prolonged nursery outbreak of\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    Poona in England identified using whole genome sequencing, 2016\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"Garner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Health Security Agency"},{"name":"UK Health Security Agency"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caisey","family":"Pulford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Health Security Agency"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6936-7263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Decraene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Health Security Agency"},{"name":"NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2923-309X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iona","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Health Security Agency"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2617-3407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicky","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Health Security Agency"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Painset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Health Security Agency \u2013 Colindale"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Anne","family":"Chattaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections"},{"name":"UK Health Security Agency \u2013 Colindale"},{"name":"NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Public Health Genomics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Trelfa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Health Security Agency North West"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268826101393_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.13.1900161"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r22","first-page":"e06406","article-title":"The European Union one health 2019 zoonoses report","volume":"19","year":"2021","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1973.03650120071013"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2013.01.010"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-00836-1"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.107524.110"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r27","volume-title":"Risk Factors Associated with Respiratory Infectious Disease-Related Presenteeism: A Rapid Review","volume":"21","author":"Daniels","year":"2021"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa015"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r24","first-page":"e00088","article-title":"Persistent infection and long-term carriage of Typhoidal and Nontyphoidal salmonellae","volume":"28","author":"Gal-Mor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.23.2967-JWR1218-7-1"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-230186"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp698"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(20)30065-9"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r5","unstructured":"[5] UK Health Security Agency (2025) Non-typhoidal Salmonella data 2015 to 2024. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/salmonella-national-laboratory-and-outbreak-data\/non-typhoidal-salmonella-data-2015-to-2024 (accessed 7 July 2024)."},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00615-0"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12020223"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6525a3"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2019.EN-1594"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/currents.outbreaks.1bb3e36e74bd5779bc43ac3a8dae52e6"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r20","first-page":"2200314","article-title":"Investigation of an international outbreak of multidrug-resistant monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium associated with chocolate products, EU\/EEA and United Kingdom, february to april 2022","volume":"27","author":"Larkin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty212"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00317"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r6","first-page":"176","article-title":"Brote supracomunitario de gastroenteritis por Salmonella Poona en 2010-2011","volume":"19","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bolet\u00edn epidemiol\u00f3gico semanal"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r14","first-page":"mgen000544","article-title":"Phylogenetic structure of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 from sub-lineage to SNPs","volume":"7","author":"Dallman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbial genomics"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1752"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp352"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1196"},{"key":"S0950268826101393_r23","unstructured":"[23] UK Health Security Agency. (2017) Health protection in children and young people settings, including education. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/health-protection-in-schools-and-other-childcare-facilities (accessed 7 July 2025)."}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268826101393","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T07:02:06Z","timestamp":1784271726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268826101393\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S0950268826101393"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268826101393","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e52"}}