{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:06:38Z","timestamp":1785434798921,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":144,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>People experiencing homelessness (PEH) are at increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection and progression to TB disease. Data on TB infection prevalence among hospitalised PEH in low-incidence countries remain limited. This study aimed to estimate TB infection prevalence and describe associated demographic and clinical characteristics among PEH admitted to an urban tertiary hospital in Dublin, Ireland. A prevalence study was conducted between November 2023 and March 2025 using an opt-out screening model. Hospitalised PEH were offered interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) testing on admission. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and positive IGRA results were assessed clinically and radiographically to exclude active TB disease. Estimated lifetime risk of progression to TB disease was calculated using a validated risk-modelling algorithm.Among 118 PEH screened, 13 (11%) were IGRA-positive and 3 (2.5%) had indeterminate results. The cohort was predominantly male (77%) with a mean age of 46 years. Non\u2013Irish-born individuals had higher IGRA positivity than Irish-born participants (23.8% vs 8.3%, p = .054). Substance and alcohol use disorders were common, over half had previous incarceration, and one-third were sleeping rough at admission. Among IGRA-positive individuals, the mean estimated lifetime risk of progression to TB disease was 6.96% (SD 3.3). These findings support strengthened, integrated TB prevention strategies for PEH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268826101629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T07:14:21Z","timestamp":1779693261000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tuberculosis infection in an urban homeless population"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Moynan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040hqpc16","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Mater Misericordiae University Hospital"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05m7pjf47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University College Dublin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Donohue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c6bry31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St James\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisling","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c6bry31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St James\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helina","family":"Alemayehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c6bry31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St James\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Groarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c6bry31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St James\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aoife","family":"Mooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c6bry31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St James\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Gaffney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c6bry31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St James\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelley Ann","family":"Brandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c6bry31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St James\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c6bry31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St James\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niall","family":"Conlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c6bry31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St James\u2019s Hospital"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02tyrky19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Trinity College Dublin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cliona","family":"Ni Cheallaigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c6bry31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St James\u2019s Hospital"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02tyrky19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Trinity College Dublin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niamh","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c6bry31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St James\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268826101629_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7020019"},{"key":"S0950268826101629_r3","article-title":"Prevalence of latent tuberculosis in homeless persons: A single-centre cross-sectional study, Germany","volume":"14","author":"von Streit","year":"2019","journal-title":"Public Library of Science One"},{"key":"S0950268826101629_r7","first-page":"498","article-title":"Gardiner G, Farhat M, Greenaway C, pai M. Thinking in three dimensions: A web-based algorithm to aid the interpretation of tuberculin skin test results","volume":"12","author":"Menzies","year":"2008","journal-title":"The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"key":"S0950268826101629_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2014.927955"},{"key":"S0950268826101629_r9","unstructured":"[9] Health Service Executive (2010) Health Protection Surveillance Centre. Guidelines on the Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis in Ireland - Management of Latent TB Infection. www.moh.govt.nz\/moh.nsf\/pagesmh\/2046?Open (accessed 16 October 2025)."},{"key":"S0950268826101629_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028019888855"},{"key":"S0950268826101629_r6","unstructured":"[6] St James Hospital 2023 Interferon Gamma Release Assay. https:\/\/search.stjames.ie\/Labmed\/Info\/Immunology\/ExamTestName55060en.html (accessed 20 January 2026)."},{"key":"S0950268826101629_r10","unstructured":"[10] Health Service Executive (2024) Striving to End Tuberculosis - A Strategy for Ireland 2024 - 2030 [Internet]. Dublin; [cited 2026 Jan 20]. https:\/\/www.hpsc.ie\/a- (accessed 6 May 2024)."},{"key":"S0950268826101629_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-209579"},{"key":"S0950268826101629_r2","unstructured":"[2] World Health Organisation (2010), Global Programme on Tuberculosis and Lung Health (GTB) GRC. Latent tuberculosis infection - Updated and consolidated guidelines for programmatic management. 2018 Feb 15. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241550239"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268826101629","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T07:10:21Z","timestamp":1784272221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268826101629\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":10,"alternative-id":["S0950268826101629"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268826101629","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e78"}}