{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:19:15Z","timestamp":1785406755236,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":140,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Malaria remains one of the critical public health threats, particularly in endemic sub-Saharan countries like Malawi. Although malaria prevalence has declined over the years, the disease continues to pose a notable public health burden, contributing to high levels of morbidity and mortality. This study mapped malaria risk in Nsanje District, southern Malawi. Environmental variables (temperature, rainfall, elevation, slope, and proximity to rivers) were used to model malaria hazard, while socio-economic factors (proximity to health facilities and roads, and population density) defined vulnerability. Land use and land cover derived from Sentinel-2 using the random trees classifier in ArcGIS Pro were used to delineate elements at risk. The analytical hierarchy process and weighted overlay analysis were applied to generate hazard, vulnerability, and risk maps. Additionally, sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the most influential factors. Results show that temperature and rainfall contributed more within the model to malaria hazard, with 20.4% and 35.1% of the area classified as high- and very high-hazard zones, respectively. Vulnerability was mainly affected by proximity to health facilities and population density, while 43.1% of the district was categorized as high risk and 40.5% as moderate risk. Overall, malaria hazard contributed most to the total risk, followed by vulnerability. The findings of this study are essential for understanding the complex dynamics of malaria transmission, which are influenced by a combination of environmental, climatic, and socio-economic factors. The study recommends enhancing healthcare accessibility and developing early warning systems, including malaria risk maps, to support targeted prevention and control efforts. Future studies should integrate long-term climate projections and real-time, high-frequency environmental and epidemiological data to enhance malaria risk modelling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268826101678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T03:34:26Z","timestamp":1779334466000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mapping malaria risk using geospatial and AHP approaches in Nsanje District, Malawi"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"154","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7660-8688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanjanani Miston","family":"Banda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jabulani","family":"Nyengere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Saka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harineck","family":"Tholo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikondi","family":"Chisenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Njalammano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2972-375X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blessings Nthezemu","family":"Kamanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Informatics Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Gondwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Mtewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amon","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lemson","family":"Kachedwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Chirombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alick","family":"Nguvulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03gh19d69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Chinkaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilfred","family":"Kadewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard Lizwe Steven","family":"Mvula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268826101678","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T08:55:10Z","timestamp":1780908910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268826101678\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["S0950268826101678"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268826101678","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e76"}}