{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:38:20Z","timestamp":1785411500081,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":159,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Seabirds are at high risk of extinction, and the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) represents an additional threat. In 2024, HPAIV A\/H5 clade 2.3.4.4b was detected for the first time in the Antarctic Continent in a dead Brown Skua (\n                    <jats:italic>Stercorarius antarcticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and further evidence suggests that not all species have been equally affected. We conducted a survey of HPAIV-related mortalities across 16 seabird nesting sites along the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) during the 2024\u20132025 breeding season. We report a mortality of 35 adult skuas along the WAP and beyond the Antarctic Polar Circle. Eleven skuas from six different geographic areas were sampled and all were positive to HPAIV A\/H5 clade 2.3.4.4b. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that these sequences are closely related to the initial HPAIV A\/H5 clade 2.3.4.4b reported in Antarctica, and post-mortem findings suggest that the viral infection was likely the cause of death. No other suspected HPAIV-related mortalities were observed in sympatric species. Our findings represent the southernmost record of skua mortality in Antarctica related to HPAIV A\/H5 infection to date, demonstrating the dissemination of 2.3.4.4b clade across several localities. The virus is differentially affecting sympatric seabird species and the skuas may act as sentinel species for influenza surveillance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268826101733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T07:05:55Z","timestamp":1780988755000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seabirds\u2019 mortalities in Antarctica caused by HPAIV: skuas as a sentinel species"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Fabiola","family":"Le\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago"},{"name":"Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE)"},{"name":"Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Ulloa-Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago"},{"name":"Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE)"},{"name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo J.","family":"Pizarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago"},{"name":"Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE)"},{"name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo N.","family":"Castillo-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontifical Catholic University of Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla B.","family":"D\u00edaz-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontifical Catholic University of Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Iturrieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontifical Catholic University of Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Claudia","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Basic Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francine C. B.","family":"Timm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Basic Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel L.","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Basic Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Johow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio Agr\u00edcola y Ganadero (SAG), Lo Aguirre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Mathieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio Agr\u00edcola y Ganadero (SAG), Lo Aguirre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Aguayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio Agr\u00edcola y Ganadero (SAG), Lo Aguirre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harm","family":"van Bakel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zain","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Kruger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/022gs0c53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Instituto Antartico Chileno"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elie","family":"Poulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE)"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047gc3g35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad de Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalina","family":"Pardo-Roa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontifical Catholic University of Chile"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03czfpz43","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Emory Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Response"},{"name":"School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2330-7825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana A.","family":"Vianna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago"},{"name":"Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE)"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01qq57711","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad Andres Bello"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268826101733","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:00:10Z","timestamp":1784541610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268826101733\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["S0950268826101733"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268826101733","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e102"}}