{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:46:00Z","timestamp":1785433560595,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":173,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Late HIV diagnosis increases morbidity and mortality. In this retrospective cohort study on the national HIV register, we analysed risk factors for late HIV diagnosis among newly registered people living with HIV (PLWH) between 2008 and 2023, using the updated definition. Of 2683 PLWH registered, 1813 (67.6%) were newly diagnosed with CD4+ T-cell count available \u226490 days for 1572 (86.7%). Eighty-seven of the 609 (14.3%) individuals with CD4+ T-cell count &lt;350\/\u03bcL had recent infections and were reclassified as non-late. Of the newly diagnosed, 50.3% were diagnosed late. Multivariable analysis identified higher age as an independent risk factor for late diagnosis (adjusted OR 1.42 per ten years, 95% CI 1.30\u20131.56). Of the Finnish-born, females had lower odds than males (aOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.39\u20130.88). Asian-born (aOR 6.83, 95% CI 3.49\u201313.35) and African-born females (aOR 3.26, 95% CI 1.58\u20136.73) had significantly higher odds than Finnish-born females. In urban municipalities, men who have sex with men had lower odds than individuals with heterosexual transmission (aOR 0.55, 95% CI 0.40\u20130.76). Higher age was the most important factor for increasing the proportion of late diagnoses. We recommend enhanced testing and risk awareness for older adults and migrants from high-prevalence countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268826101757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T10:35:47Z","timestamp":1782210947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["New HIV diagnoses and risk factors for late HIV diagnosis, Finland, 2008\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"154","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9414-706X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanna","family":"Isosomppi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03vdzkx92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"City of Helsinki Social Services Health Care and Rescue Services Division"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03tf0c761","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0281-8485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inka","family":"Aho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03tf0c761","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e8hzf44","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"HUS Helsinki University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Ollgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03tf0c761","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsi","family":"Liitsola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03tf0c761","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikaela","family":"Mutru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03tf0c761","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e8hzf44","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"HUS Helsinki University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Kivel\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03tf0c761","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e8hzf44","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"HUS Helsinki University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268826101757_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.48.2300642"},{"key":"S0950268826101757_r17","unstructured":"[17] Statistics Finland. 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Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that no alterations are made and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press or the rights holder(s) must be obtained prior to any commercial use and\/or adaptation of the article.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e81"}}