{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T07:04:01Z","timestamp":1789369441391,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":203,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the vaccination programme with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) on non-invasive pneumococcal pneumonia (NIPP) in adults above 60\u00a0years old during the first three post-implementation years. For this retrospective impact study with a regression discontinuity design, we included patients aged 56 to 85\u00a0years who presented with NIPP at the hospital between November 1, 2016 and September 30, 2023. NIPP was defined as a positive pneumococcal urinary antigen test without meeting criteria for invasive pneumococcal disease (blood and\/or cerebrospinal fluid culture positive for\n Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n ). We estimated the overall impact and the impact stratified by time since eligibility for vaccination for each birth cohort. Data were obtained from 14 laboratories throughout the Netherlands, which were estimated to cover 34.9% of the Dutch population. We observed 3821 NIPP patients, of whom 634 were eligible for vaccination. The overall impact was 19.7% (95% confidence interval 8.5, 29.7). Impact estimates decreased over time since eligibility, although non-significantly with overlapping confidence intervals. These insights contribute to the existing body of evidence about PPV23 impact on NIPP, informing future vaccination policy.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268826101952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T04:18:45Z","timestamp":1784780325000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination on non-invasive pneumococcal pneumonia: A regression discontinuity analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Femke S.","family":"Vernooij","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. Annabel","family":"Niessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0575yy874","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Univerisity Medical Center Utrecht"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7474-1149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anneke","family":"Steens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Knol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hester","family":"de Melker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"van de Kassteele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0626-4635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.H. (Henri)","family":"Van Werkhoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0575yy874","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Univerisity Medical Center Utrecht"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"PPV23-NIPP Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268826101952","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T06:16:22Z","timestamp":1789366582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268826101952\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["S0950268826101952"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268826101952","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e115"}}