{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T03:26:28Z","timestamp":1793676388065,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":286,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":286,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/tdm\/tdmrep-policy.json"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States, yet rural\u2013urban differences in incidence and their underlying drivers remain poorly characterized. We conducted an ecological analysis of deidentified probable and confirmed\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    cases from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS), 2011\u20132023, to evaluate temporal, regional, and population-level determinants of\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    incidence. Multivariable negative binomial models assessed rural\u2013urban differences nationally and by U.S. Census region, and Blinder\u2013Oaxaca decomposition quantified contributions of demographic, socioeconomic, healthcare access, and health-related factors. Age-adjusted incidence was consistently higher in rural than in urban counties. After adjustment, rural counties had higher incidence nationally and separately in all four regions (Northeast, Midwest, West, and South). County-level factors explained 66% of the national rural\u2013urban gap, driven primarily by age structure, income, education, and food environment. Adults aged \u226565\u00a0years accounted for approximately 60% of the explained difference and were the dominant contributor in some regions. Regional variation was evident, with age predominating in the Midwest and West and education contributing more in the Northeast and South. A substantial unexplained component remained. These findings highlight persistent, regionally heterogeneous disparities and underscore the need for targeted, region-specific surveillance and prevention strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268826102192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:22:57Z","timestamp":1791973377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["County-level differences in\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    incidence across urban and rural United States, 2011\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"154","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4341-8952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lavin A.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00te3t702","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Georgia"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/042twtr12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyndsay","family":"Bottichio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00te3t702","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Georgia"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/042twtr12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethel V.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/042twtr12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Bagwell Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00te3t702","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00te3t702","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268826102192_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-006-9018-6"},{"key":"S0950268826102192_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10083634"},{"key":"S0950268826102192_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz605"},{"key":"S0950268826102192_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268808001477"},{"key":"S0950268826102192_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2006.3.266"},{"key":"S0950268826102192_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/381581"},{"key":"S0950268826102192_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/07-0043.1"},{"key":"S0950268826102192_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2525981"},{"key":"S0950268826102192_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2024.100379"},{"key":"S0950268826102192_r20","unstructured":"[20] Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) Program (2025) https:\/\/www.census.gov\/programs-surveys\/saipe.html. 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(accessed 23 November 2025)."}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268826102192","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268826102192","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T02:45:27Z","timestamp":1793673927000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268826102192\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0950268826102192"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268826102192","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e134"}}