{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:22:19Z","timestamp":1784193739991,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,1]],"date-time":"1998-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":896659200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Rubella infections, notified by general practitioners on the \nbasis of a clinical diagnosis, were \ninvestigated by testing blood and saliva samples for specific IgM. Overall\n 52 (29%) of 178 \ncases with appropriately timed blood specimens were confirmed as recent\n rubella by IgM \nserology. Only 2 (3%) of 74 cases in children under 5 years were confirmed\n compared to 50 \n(48%) of 104 cases in older children and adults. The confirmation rate\n was lower (6 %) in \nthose with documented vaccination history than in those without \n(42%). The <jats:italic>specificity<\/jats:italic> of \nsaliva rubella IgM testing compared to testing corresponding blood samples\n was 99%. The \noverall <jats:italic>sensitivity<\/jats:italic> of saliva rubella IgM testing was \n81%. This rose to 90% if results from \ninappropriately timed specimens and specimens taking more than 1 week to\n reach the \nlaboratory were excluded. A corresponding saliva rubella IgG test was 98%\n sensitive and \n100% specific. Of 126 rubella IgM negative cases, 25 (20%) were positive\n for parvovirus B19 \nIgM. This study confirmed that rubella surveillance based on clinical reports\n is not specific. It \nalso demonstrated that saliva samples, if taken 7\u201342 \ndays after onset of illness and transported \nrapidly to the laboratory, are a feasible alternative to blood samples\n for rubella surveillance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268898008838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:23:42Z","timestamp":1027776222000},"page":"315-319","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Salivary diagnosis of rubella: a study of notified cases in the \nUnited Kingdom, 1991\u20134"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"M. E.","family":"RAMSAY","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"BRUGHA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. W. G.","family":"BROWN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. J.","family":"COHEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"MILLER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,1]]},"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268898008838","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T21:04:59Z","timestamp":1554239099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268898008838\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268898008838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268898008838","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,6]]}}}