{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:24:27Z","timestamp":1765826667317},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,1]],"date-time":"1999-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":933465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There have been no previous longitudinal studies of otitis media conducted in non-Aboriginal \nAustralian children. This paper describes the rate and risk factors for middle ear effusion \n(MEE) in children attending day care in Darwin, Australia. A prospective cohort study of 252 \nchildren under 4 years was conducted in 9 day care centres over 12 fortnights between 24 \nMarch and 15 September 1997. Tympanometry was conducted fortnightly and multivariate \nanalysis used to determine risk factors predicting MEE. The outcome of interest was the rate \nof type B tympanograms per child detected in either ear at fortnightly examinations. After \nadjusting for clustering by child, MEE was detected on average 4\u00b74 times in 12 fortnights (37% \nof all examinations conducted). Risk factors associated with presence of effusion were younger \nage, a family history of ear infection, previous grommets (tympanostomy tubes), ethnicity and \nthe day care centre attended. A history of wheeze appeared protective. These effects were \nmodest (RR 0\u00b757\u20131\u00b770). Middle ear effusion is very common in children attending day care in \nDarwin. This has clinical importance, since MEE during early childhood may affect optimal \nhearing, learning and speech development. There is little scope for modification for many of \nthe risk factors for MEE predicted by this model. Further study of the day care environment is \nwarranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268899002708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:23:42Z","timestamp":1027776222000},"page":"57-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Middle ear effusion: rate and risk factors in Australian \nchildren attending day care"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"S. A.","family":"SKULL","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. S.","family":"MORRIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"YONOVITZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. G.","family":"ATTEWELL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"KRAUSE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"LEACH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"ANAND","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"SCOTT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"REID","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. A.","family":"ROBERTS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,1]]},"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268899002708","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T20:52:02Z","timestamp":1554411122000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268899002708\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268899002708"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268899002708","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]}}}