{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T03:52:17Z","timestamp":1770349937495,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]],"date-time":"2000-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":949363200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Beginning in January 1997, American immunization policy allowed parents and physicians to \nelect one of three approved infant vaccination strategies for preventing poliomyelitis. Although \nthe three strategies likely have different outcomes with respect to prevention of paralytic \npoliomyelitis, the extreme rarity of the disease in the USA prevents any controlled comparison. \nIn this paper, a formal inferential logic, originally described by Donald Rubin, is applied to \nthe vaccination problem. Assumptions and indirect evidence are used to overcome the inability \nto observe the same subjects under varying conditions to allow the inference of causality from \nnon-randomized observations. Using available epidemiologic information and explicit \nassumptions, it is possible to project the risk of paralytic polio for infants immunized with oral \npolio vaccine (1\u00b73 cases per million vaccinees), inactivated polio vaccine (0\u00b754 cases per million \nvaccinees), or a sequential schedule (0\u00b754\u20130\u00b792 cases per million vaccinees).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268899003350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:23:42Z","timestamp":1027776222000},"page":"113-120","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The logic of causation and the risk of paralytic poliomyelitis \nfor an American child"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"RIDGWAY","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]]},"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268899003350","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,6]],"date-time":"2019-04-06T19:30:00Z","timestamp":1554579000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268899003350\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268899003350"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268899003350","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]}}}