{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T03:32:38Z","timestamp":1791084758717,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]],"date-time":"2000-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":949363200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We describe an outbreak of meningitis at a Sudanese refugee camp in Northern Uganda that \nlasted over a year from February 1994. Some 291 cases occurred in a refugee population of \n96860 (averaged over the year), an attack rate of 0\u00b730%. The case fatality rate was 13\u00b73%. \nFrom a small number of samples taken for culture <jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic> serogroup A, serotype \n21[ratio   ]P1\u00b79, clone III-1 was identified as the causative organism. The outbreak started in the \ncamp's reception centre which had the highest attack rate. Spread from the reception centre \nwas rapid and the epidemic reached its peak within 3 weeks. All of the cases amongst residents \nof the reception centre reported having had meningococcal vaccine before arriving at the camp \nand so were not immunized on arrival as would normally have been the case. Some 37547 \ndoses of meningococcal vaccine were used in a mass immunization campaign in February and \nMarch 1994. Following this the outbreak was declared over in August 1994 when no cases \nwere registered for 2 consecutive weeks. However, following a massive and sudden influx of \nrefugees a new epidemic peak occurred during February 1995. Many of these new refugees \nwere also not immunized on arrival due to pressures of numbers. A follow-up immunization \ncampaign then brought an end to the outbreak. Our experience confirms the effectiveness of \ntimely and high-coverage immunization campaigns in controlling group A meningitis outbreaks \namongst refugees in Africa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268899003398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:23:42Z","timestamp":1027776222000},"page":"75-81","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Management of an outbreak of meningococcal meningitis in \na Sudanese refugee camp in Northern Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"SANTANIELLO-NEWTON","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. R.","family":"HUNTER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]]},"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268899003398","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,6]],"date-time":"2019-04-06T19:30:06Z","timestamp":1554579006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268899003398\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268899003398"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268899003398","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]}}}