{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:31:43Z","timestamp":1773757903763,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]],"date-time":"2000-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":959817600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We reviewed retrospectively all invasive <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic> (Hi) infections in adults \nascertained from reference laboratory records and notifications from five NHS regions over the \n5 years from 1 October 1990, a period encompassing the introduction of routine Hib childhood \nimmunization (October 1992). A total of 446 cases were identified, a rate of 0\u00b773 infections per \n10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> adults per annum. Though numbers of Hib infections in adults fell after the introduction \nof Hib vaccines for children (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b7035), and there was no increase in infections caused by \nother capsulated Hi serotypes, total numbers of invasive Hi infections increased due to a large \nrise in infections caused by non-capsulated Hi (ncHi) strains (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b70067). There was an \nunexpectedly low rate of infections in those aged 75 years or more (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b70001). The \ncommonest clinical presentations were pneumonia with bacteraemia (227\/350, 65%) and \nbacteraemia alone (62\/350, 18%) and the highest rates of disease were in the 65\u201374 years age \ngroup (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b70001). Clinical presentation was not influenced by the capsulation status of the \ninvading Hi strain. 103\/350 cases (29%) died within 1 month, and 207\/350 (59%) within 6 \nmonths of their Hi infection. Case fatality rates were high in all age groups. Pre-existing \ndiseases were noted in 220\/350 cases and were associated with a higher case fatality rate (82% \n<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 21%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b70001). After the introduction of Hib immunization in children, invasive Hib \ninfections in unimmunized adults also declined, but the overall rate of invasive Hi disease in \nadults increased, with most infections now caused by non-capsulated strains. Physicians and \nmicrobiologists should be aware of the changing epidemiology, the high associated mortality \nand high risk of underlying disease. Invasive haemophilus infections in adults should be \ninvestigated and treated aggressively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268899003611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:23:42Z","timestamp":1027776222000},"page":"441-447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Invasive <i>Haemophilus influenzae<\/i> disease in adults"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"SARANGI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"CARTWRIGHT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"STUART","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"BROOKES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"MORRIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"SLACK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]},"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268899003611","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T16:19:46Z","timestamp":1567441186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268899003611\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268899003611"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268899003611","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}}}