{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T11:30:52Z","timestamp":1782905452175,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Maximum Academic Press","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,2]],"date-time":"2009-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243900800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7702,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vis Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The neural circuitry underlying movement detection was inferred from studies of amacrine cells under whole-cell patch clamp in retinal slices. Cells were identified by Lucifer yellow staining. Synaptic inputs were driven by \u201cpuffing\u201c transmitter substances at the dendrites of presynaptic cells. Spatial sensitivity profiles for amacrine cells were measured by puffing transmitter substances along the lateral spread of their processes. Synaptic pathways were separated and identified with appropriate pre- and postsynaptic pharmacological blocking agents.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Two distinct amacrine cell types were found: one with narrow spread of processes that sustained excitatory synaptic current, the other with very wide spread of processes that transient excitatory synaptic currents. The transient currents found only in the wide-field amacrine cell were formed presynaptically at GABA<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub> receptors. They could be blocked with baclofen, a GABA<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub> agonist, and their time course was extended by AVA, a GABA<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub> antagonist. Baclofen and AVA had no direct affect upon the wide-field amacrine cell, but picrotoxin blocked a separate, direct GABA input to this cell.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The narrow-field amacrine cell was shown to be GABAergic by counterstaining with anti-GABA antiserum after it was filled with Lucifer yellow. Its narrow, spatial profile and sustained synaptic input are properties that closely match those of the GABAergic antagonistic signal that forms transient activity (described above), suggesting that the narrow-field amacrine cell itself is the source of the GABAergic interaction mediating transient activity in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Other work has shown a GABA<jats:sup>B<\/jats:sup> sensitivity at some bipolar terminals, suggesting a population of bipolars as the probable site of interaction mediating transient action.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The results suggest that two local populations of amacrine cell types (sustained and transient) interact with the two populations of bipolar cell types (transient forming and nontransient forming). These interactions underlie the formation of the change-detecting subunits. We suggest that local populations of these subunits converge to form the receptive fields of movement-detecting ganglion cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0952523800001978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,2]],"date-time":"2009-06-02T12:34:35Z","timestamp":1243946075000},"page":"317-329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Neural interactions mediating the detection of motion in the retina of the tiger salamander"],"prefix":"10.48130","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Frank","family":"Werblin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Maguire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Lukasiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Eliasof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel M.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref051","first-page":"763","article-title":"Detector properties of the ganglion cells of the pike retina","volume":"14","author":"Zenkin","year":"1969","journal-title":"Biophysics"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1857"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1970.33.3.342"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref045","first-page":"193","volume-title":"The Neurosciences: Fourth Study Program","author":"Werblin","year":"1979"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(81)90236-4"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(78)90256-8"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.201028"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.03-08-01701.1983"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1986.tb11170.x"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(72)90171-0"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.43.6.129"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1978.sp012221"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref025","unstructured":"Maguire G.W. , Lukasiewicz P.D. & Werblin F.S. (1988). Neural interactions underlying the response to change in the tiger salamander retina. Journal of Neuroscience, in press."},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lukasiewicz P.D. & Werblin F.S. (1988). A slowly-inactivating potassium current truncates spike activity in ganglion cells of the tiger salamander retina. Journal of Neuroscience, in press.","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.08-12-04470.1988"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01896895"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1968.sp008455"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00656997"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1982.sp014116"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.959847"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.73223"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)91293-3"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1969.32.3.315"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/203214a0"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1978.sp012233"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(81)90386-1"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015375"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.5.1509"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.07-11-03512.1987"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1965.sp007638"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1953.sp004829"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902550214"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016567"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1982.sp014105"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902580411"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1973.36.4.588"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1968.31.2.257"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)90787-6"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01111929"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.152.3726.1277"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/303537a0"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1978.41.2.472"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012949"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1982.sp014104"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00232576"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1974.sp010618"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref041","first-page":"51","article-title":"Bipolar cells receive negative feedback input from GABAergic amacrine cells","volume":"28","author":"Tachibana","year":"1987","journal-title":"Investigative Opthalmology and Visual Science"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.142.3594.977"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(85)90502-6"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901970109"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901820204"},{"key":"S0952523800001978_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1982.tb09282.x"}],"container-title":["Visual Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0952523800001978","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T19:55:29Z","timestamp":1735847729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0952523800001978\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,5]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0952523800001978"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0952523800001978","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-5238","1469-8714"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-5238","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8714","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Cambridge University Press 1988","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}