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Thus, all light driven activity in the<jats:italic>nob<\/jats:italic>mouse is mediated<jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>remaining hyperpolarizing bipolar cell (HBC) circuits. Transducin null (<jats:italic>Tr\u03b1\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic>) mice lack rod photoreceptor activity and thus remaining retinal circuits are solely generated<jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>cone photoreceptor activity. Activation in inner retinal circuits in each of these mice was identified by monitoring light-induced expression of an immediate early gene,<jats:italic>c-fos<\/jats:italic>. The number of cells expressing<jats:italic>c-fos<\/jats:italic>in the inner retina was dependent upon stimulus intensity and was altered in a systematic fashion in mice with known retinal mutations. To determine whether<jats:italic>c-fos<\/jats:italic>is activated<jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>circuits other than photoreceptors in the outer retina, we examined<jats:italic>c-fos<\/jats:italic>expression in<jats:italic>tulp1\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic>mice that lack photoreceptors in the outer retina; these mice showed virtually no<jats:italic>c-fos<\/jats:italic>activity following light exposure. Double-labeling immunohistochemical studies were carried out to more clearly define the population of<jats:italic>c-fos<\/jats:italic>expressing amacrine cells. Our results indicate that<jats:italic>c-fos<\/jats:italic>may be used to map functional circuits in the retina.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0952523804216078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,26]],"date-time":"2005-02-26T00:22:43Z","timestamp":1109377363000},"page":"873-881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Probing inner retinal circuits in the rod pathway: A comparison of<i>c-fos<\/i>activation in mutant mice"],"prefix":"10.48130","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"BRETT W.","family":"HANZLICEK","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"NEAL S.","family":"PEACHEY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CHRISTIAN","family":"GRIMM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"STEPHANIE A.","family":"HAGSTROM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SHERRY L.","family":"BALL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0952523804216078_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koistinaho, J. & Sagar, S.M. 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