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Recently, there has been \nsignificant interest in understanding the cellular and network mechanisms \nthat underlie these visual responses and their functional architecture. \nSmall mammals like rodents offer many advantages for such studies, because \nthey are appropriate for a wide variety of experimental techniques. \nHowever, the traditional rodent models, mice and rats, do not rely heavily \non vision and have small visual brain areas. Squirrels are highly visual \nrodents that may be excellent model preparations for understanding \nmechanisms of function and disease in the human visual system. They use \nvision for navigating in their environment, predator avoidance, and \nforaging for food. Visual brain areas such as LGN, V1, superior \ncolliculus, and pulvinar are particularly large and well elaborated in the \nsquirrel, and the squirrel has several extrastriate cortical areas lateral \nto V1. Unlike many mammals, most squirrel species are diurnal with \ncone-dominated retinas, similar to the primate fovea, and have excellent \ndichromatic color vision that is mediated by green and blue cones. Owing \nto their larger size, squirrels are physiologically more robust than mice \nand rats under anesthesia, and some hibernating species are particularly \ntolerant of hypoxia that occurs during procedures such as brain slicing. \nFinally, many basic anatomical and physiological properties in the early \nvisual system of squirrel have now been described, permitting \ninvestigations of cellular mechanisms. In this article, we review four \ndecades of anatomical, behavioral, and physiological studies in squirrel \nand make comparisons with other species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0952523806230098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,4]],"date-time":"2006-10-04T21:53:25Z","timestamp":1159998805000},"page":"765-778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["The squirrel as a rodent model of the human visual system"],"prefix":"10.48130","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"STEPHEN D.","family":"VAN HOOSER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SACHA B.","family":"NELSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0952523806230098_ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000123768"},{"key":"S0952523806230098_ref163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Hooser, S.D. , Heimel, J.A. , Chung, S. , & Nelson, S.B. 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