{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T07:47:57Z","timestamp":1760255277146,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Maximum Academic Press","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,11,1]],"date-time":"1998-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":909878400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vis Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We serendipitously discovered that the preferred-direction \nresponses of ON\u2013OFF directionally selective (DS) \nganglion cells in the rabbit retina fall as a function \nof contrast when the contrast of a moving bar exceeds about \n100%. Null-direction responses did not fall for contrasts \nup to 400%. Because the non-monotonic (rise-then-fall) \nbehavior as a function of contrast occurred only for preferred-direction \nresponses, it must depend on the mechanism of directional \nselectivity. It became thus of interest to investigate \nhow this non-monotonicity depends on the major synapses \ninvolved in directional selectivity. Blockades of nicotinic \nacetylcholine (ACh) and NMDA glutamate receptors reduced \nresponses without eliminating preferred-response non-monotonicity. \nBlocking GABAergic inhibition, however, did eliminate non-monotonicity. \nThese results pose a difficult puzzle, since in the accompanying \npaper (Grzywacz et al., 1998), we showed that residual \nresponses under combined nicotinic and NMDA blockades are \nnot statistically significantly directionally selective. \nHow is it possible that null-direction GABAergic inhibition \naffects non-nicotinic-non-NMDA residual responses without \ngenerating directional selectivity? This may happen if \nthere exists an asymmetric GABAergic input to distal dendrites \nof the DS cell while the excitatory, non-nicotinic-non-NMDA \ninput is to proximal dendrites. In support of this hypothesis, \nbath-applied GABA reduces responses to exogenous ACh under \nsynaptic block, providing for the first time in the rabbit's \nretina, direct evidence of GABA receptors on DS cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0952523898156122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:39:08Z","timestamp":1027777148000},"page":"1129-1136","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Non-monotonic contrast behavior in directionally selective \nganglion cells and evidence for its dependence on their \nGABAergic input"],"prefix":"10.48130","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"DAVID K.","family":"MERWINE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"NORBERTO M.","family":"GRZYWACZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DARREL S.","family":"TJEPKES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"FRANKLIN R.","family":"AMTHOR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,11,1]]},"container-title":["Visual Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0952523898156122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T19:58:39Z","timestamp":1735847919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0952523898156122\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0952523898156122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0952523898156122","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-5238","1469-8714"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0952-5238"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-8714"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]}}}