{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T16:15:00Z","timestamp":1758816900482,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Maximum Academic Press","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]],"date-time":"1999-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":920246400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vis Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous studies in the rabbit retina have shown \nthat drugs which block AMPA glutamate receptors abolish \ndirectional selectivity in ON\u2013OFF directionally selective \n(DS) ganglion cells. The effects of activation of AMPA \nreceptors on the directionally selective responses of these \nganglion cells had not been studied. In the present study, \nextracellular recordings of the responses of ON\u2013OFF \nDS ganglion cells to a moving bar of light were made in \nan <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> rabbit retinal preparation. In control \nsolution, bath application of AMPA (7\u201310 \u03bcM) \nabolished the light responses of most ON\u2013OFF DS ganglion \ncells. On washout of AMPA, the light responses rapidly \nreturned; however, the cells temporarily lost the ability \nto discriminate the direction of the moving bar of light. \nThat is, the cells responded equally to movement in the \npreferred and null directions. Pretreatment of retinas \nwith the glycine receptor antagonist strychnine (1\u20132 \n\u03bcM) did not alter the effects of AMPA. On the other \nhand, in retinas pretreated with the GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptor \nantagonist SR95531 (0.2\u20130.25 \u03bcM), AMPA did not \nabolish the light responses of ON\u2013OFF DS ganglion \ncells but instead abolished directional selectivity in \nthese cells by bringing out a response to movement in the \nnull direction. This finding suggests that an AMPA-induced \nGABA efflux from cells in the retina was responsible for \nthe suppression of the light responses by AMPA. In control \nsolution, application of the selective AMPA receptor agonist \n(S)-5-fluorowillardiine (2\u20133 \u03bcM) only temporarily \nabolished the light responses of ON\u2013OFF DS ganglion \ncells. As the light responses returned, it was clear that \ndirectional selectivity had been abolished by (S)-5-fluorowillardiine. \nIn control solution, blocking AMPA receptor desensitization \nwith cyclothiazide (80\u2013100 \u03bcM) greatly reduced \nthe light responses of ON\u2013OFF DS ganglion cells. \nAs the light responses slowly returned on washout of cyclothiazide, \ndirectional selectivity was clearly reduced although not \nabolished. In retinas pretreated with SR95531, application \nof cyclothiazide abolished directional selectivity. Diazoxide \n(700\u20131000 \u03bcM), another blocker of AMPA receptor \ndesensitization, abolished directional selectivity in ON\u2013OFF \nDS ganglion cells without the need of adding SR95531 to \nthe bathing solution. It is concluded that, in the rabbit \nretina, AMPA receptors play an important role in generating \ndirectional selectivity in ON\u2013OFF DS ganglion cells. \nMoreover, excessive activation of AMPA receptors greatly \ncompromises the mechanism for directional selectivity in \nON\u2013OFF DS ganglion cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0952523899162023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:39:08Z","timestamp":1027777148000},"page":"205-219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Responses of directionally selective retinal ganglion cells \nto activation of AMPA glutamate receptors"],"prefix":"10.48130","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"RALPH J.","family":"JENSEN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]]},"container-title":["Visual Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0952523899162023","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T19:59:38Z","timestamp":1735847978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0952523899162023\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0952523899162023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0952523899162023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-5238","1469-8714"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0952-5238"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-8714"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]}}}