{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:38:50Z","timestamp":1791920330930,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,18]],"date-time":"2013-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382054400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutr. Res. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Evidence has accumulated in recent years that suggests that nitrate from the diet, particularly vegetables, is capable of producing bioactive NO in the vasculature, following bioconversion to nitrite by oral bacteria. The aim of the present review was to consider the current body of evidence for potential beneficial effects of dietary nitrate on blood pressure and endothelial function, with emphasis on evidence from acute and chronic human intervention studies. The studies to date suggest that dietary nitrate acutely lowers blood pressure in healthy humans. An inverse relationship was seen between dose of nitrate consumed and corresponding systolic blood pressure reduction, with doses of nitrate as low as 3\u00a0mmol of nitrate reducing systolic blood pressure by 3\u00a0mmHg. Moreover, the current studies provide some promising evidence on the beneficial effects of dietary nitrate on endothelial function.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies suggest a number of potential mechanisms by which dietary nitrate and its sequential reduction to NO may reduce blood pressure and improve endothelial function, such as: acting as a substrate for endothelial NO synthase; increasing vasodilation; inhibiting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and platelet aggregation. In conclusion, the evidence for beneficial effects of dietary nitrate on blood pressure and endothelial function is promising. Further long-term randomised controlled human intervention studies assessing the potential effects of dietary nitrate on blood pressure and endothelial function are needed, particularly in individuals with hypertension and at risk of CVD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954422413000188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,18]],"date-time":"2013-10-18T06:52:43Z","timestamp":1382079163000},"page":"210-222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["The effects of dietary nitrate on blood pressure and endothelial function: a review of human intervention studies"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ditte A.","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor W.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Lovegrove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.4.1480"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)34310-7","article-title":"Restoration of the responsiveness of purified guanylate cyclase to nitrosoguanidine, nitric oxide, and related activators by heme and hemeproteins. Evidence for involvement of the paramagnetic nitrosyl\u2013heme complex in enzyme activation","volume":"253","author":"Craven","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200314172"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.024"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2012.02.051"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc062800"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01070.2010"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00206.2010"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000077291"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2011.03.277"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-11-106"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.05.015"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-12-200106190-00010"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/26.1.1"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-006-0020-1"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.1.93"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(03)00656-8"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hq0102.101770"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.1999.00497.x"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00327-4"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198610233151702"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.07.039"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000168896.64927.bb"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1981.0109"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2004.09.003"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M511803200"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2009.10.010"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.175810"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000260171.52224.6b"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI19019"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/368502a0"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2009.09.008"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2007.06.007"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.11.1543"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2004.00184.x"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.663630"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref29","first-page":"1921","article-title":"Metabolic fate of an oral dose of 15N-labeled nitrate in humans: effect of diet supplementation with ascorbic acid","volume":"43","author":"Wagner","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(99)00423-X"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7348.1989.tb06577.x"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-0717(73)90097-7"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01904169809365524"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026520399283669"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02652030500482363"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2009.12.003"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02652039409374250"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0010(199910)79:13<1882::AID-JSFA450>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf60201a034"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00139709-200322010-00005"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90944-Z"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref1","volume-title":"Hypertension: Management of Hypertension in Adults in Primary Care. NICE Clinical Guideline 34","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2004.05.015"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-009-0009-3"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.159541"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.028"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.01.031"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hh0801.089861"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2005.04.021"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm954"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0695-546"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200201000-00002"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.13.1233"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-006-6374-2"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-008-1567-2"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.103523"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/44.8.1809","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide in cardiovascular disease: focus on the endothelium","volume":"44","author":"Cannon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.8.3203"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y81-025"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2012.01.004"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.53.5.557"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2012.04420.x"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00071.2011"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512000190"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.16.1899"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10030699","article-title":"Nitric oxide, the biological mediator of the decade: fact or fiction?","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(76)80005-3"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(87)90123-2"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro929"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.2.391"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nitrate, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds","volume":"292","author":"Gangolli","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.2351"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.27131"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0015-6264(75)90157-1"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704173361601"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199322004-00002"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0306-5251.2001.01495.x"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000200710.29498.80"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2008.05.008"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01991-5"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)93147-F"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nitrate in vegetables: scientific opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain","volume":"689","year":"2008","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2008.07.019"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2003.09.019"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1991.tb01209.x"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2466"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01291.2008"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/327524a0"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01233.2008"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06663-3","article-title":"Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology","volume":"43","author":"Moncada","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00722.2009"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.153536"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1089-8603(02)00010-1"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M801785200"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(87)80299-1"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00933"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2009.10.007"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.1998.0843"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28014"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.01.011"},{"key":"S0954422413000188_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2005.02.014"}],"container-title":["Nutrition Research Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0954422413000188","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T13:30:17Z","timestamp":1746019817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0954422413000188\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,18]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0954422413000188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0954422413000188","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-4224","1475-2700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-4224","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,18]]}}}