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The primary site of Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>absorption is the rumen, where Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>is apically absorbed by both potential-dependent and potential-independent uptake mechanisms, reflecting involvement of ion channels and electroneutral transporters, respectively. Transport is energised in a secondary active manner by a basolateral Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>exchanger. Ruminal transport of Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>is significantly influenced by a variety of factors such as high K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>concentration, sudden increases of ammonia, pH, and the concentration of SCFA. Impaired Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>absorption in the rumen is not compensated for by increased transport in the small or large intestine. While renal excretion can be adjusted to compensate precisely for any surplus in Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>uptake, a shortage in dietary Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>cannot be compensated for either via skeletal mobilisation of Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>or via up-regulation of ruminal absorption. In such situations, hypomagnesaemia will lead to decrease of a Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>in the cerebrospinal fluid and clinical manifestations of tetany. Improved knowledge concerning the factors governing Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>homeostasis will allow reliable recommendations for an adequate Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>intake and for the avoidance of possible disturbances. Future research should clarify the molecular identity of the suggested Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>transport proteins and the regulatory mechanisms controlling renal Mg excretion as parameters influencing Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>homeostasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954422417000257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,10]],"date-time":"2018-01-10T10:30:23Z","timestamp":1515580223000},"page":"114-130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Magnesium homeostasis in cattle: absorption and excretion"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Holger","family":"Martens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Leonhard-Marek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"R\u00f6ntgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friederike","family":"Stumpff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954422417000257_ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(93)77639-0"},{"key":"S0954422417000257_ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0490253"},{"key":"S0954422417000257_ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.109.15.342"},{"key":"S0954422417000257_ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/309261a0"},{"key":"S0954422417000257_ref194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1071\/BI9750475","article-title":"Responses to the lowering of magnesium and calcium concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of unanesthetized sheep","volume":"28","author":"Allsop","year":"1975","journal-title":"Aust J Biol Sci"},{"key":"S0954422417000257_ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(17)48296-0","article-title":"Magnesium and neuromuscular irritability in calves, with particular reference to hypomagnesaemic tetany","volume":"126","author":"Todd","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br Vet J"},{"key":"S0954422417000257_ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02267632"},{"key":"S0954422417000257_ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1968.33757"},{"key":"S0954422417000257_ref184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03547967","article-title":"Individual variation in blood magnesium and susceptibility to hypomagnesaemia in cows","volume":"11","author":"Halse","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"S0954422417000257_ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0040"},{"key":"S0954422417000257_ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(97)76055-7"},{"key":"S0954422417000257_ref180","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Magnesium in nutrition of ruminants","volume":"32","author":"Rook","year":"1962","journal-title":"Nutr Abstr Rev"},{"key":"S0954422417000257_ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2406"},{"key":"S0954422417000257_ref177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1071\/AN14344","article-title":"Effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on localisation and extent of gastrointestinal calcium absorption in dairy cattle","volume":"54","author":"Oehlschlaeger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim Prod Sci"},{"key":"S0954422417000257_ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007091038"},{"key":"S0954422417000257_ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-113-6-2294"},{"key":"S0954422417000257_ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y82-187"},{"key":"S0954422417000257_ref173","first-page":"143","volume-title":"Proceedings of John Lee Pratt International Symposium on the Role of Magnesium in Animal Nutrition","author":"Kemp","year":"1983"},{"key":"S0954422417000257_ref172","first-page":"199","article-title":"Magnesium metabolism in the dairy cow. 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