{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T22:42:42Z","timestamp":1792881762288,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,27]],"date-time":"2001-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1001548800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dev Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Childhood abuse is an important public health problem; however, little is known about the\neffects of abuse on the brain and neurobiological development. This article reviews the behavioral\nand biological consequences of childhood abuse and places them in a developmental context.\nAnimal studies show that both positive and negative events early in life can influence\nneurobiological development in unique ways. Early stressors such as maternal separation result in\nlasting effects on stress-responsive neurobiological systems, including the\nhypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal (HPA) axis and noradrenergic systems. These\nstudies also implicate a brain area involved in learning and memory, the hippocampus, in the\nlong-term consequences of early stress. Clinical studies of patients with a history of abuse also\nimplicate dysfunction in the HPA axis and the noradrenergic and hippocampal systems; however,\nthere are multiple questions related to chronicity of stress, developmental epoch at the time of the\nstressor, presence of stress-related psychiatric disorders including posttraumatic stress disorder\nand depression, and psychological factors mediating the response to trauma that need to be\naddressed in this field of research. Understanding the effects of abuse on the development of the\nbrain and neurobiology will nevertheless have important treatment and policy implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579401003042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:16:52Z","timestamp":1027761412000},"page":"473-489","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":305,"title":["Stress and development: Behavioral and biological consequences"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"J. DOUGLAS","family":"BREMNER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ERIC","family":"VERMETTEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,27]]},"container-title":["Development and Psychopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0954579401003042","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,7]],"date-time":"2019-04-07T16:25:53Z","timestamp":1554654353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0954579401003042\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0954579401003042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0954579401003042","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-5794","1469-2198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-5794","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-2198","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]}}}