{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T22:39:35Z","timestamp":1782427175931,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,3]],"date-time":"2002-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1017792000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dev Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A significant discrepancy between intelligence and daily adaptive functioning, or adaptive\ndisability (AD), has been previously found to be a associated with significant psychological\nmorbidity in preschool children with disruptive behavior (DB). The utility of AD as a predictor of\nlater developmental risks was examined in a 3-year longitudinal study of normal (<jats:italic> N<\/jats:italic>=\n43) and DB preschool children. The DB children were grouped into those with AD (DB+AD; <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 28) and those without AD (DB-only; <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 98). All children were\nfollowed with annual evaluations to the end of second grade. Both DB groups demonstrated\nsubstantial and pervasive psychological and educational morbidity at 3-year follow-up. In\ncomparison to DB-only children, DB+AD children had more symptoms of attention-deficit\nhyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD), more severe and pervasive behavior\nproblems at home, more parent-rated externalizing and internalizing, and lower academic\ncompetence and more behavioral problems at school. Parents of DB+AD children also reported\ngreater parenting stress than did parents in the other groups. A significant contribution of AD to\nadverse outcomes in the DB group remained on some measures even after controlling for initial\nseverity of DB. AD also contributed significantly to CD symptoms at follow-up after controlling\nfor initial DB severity and initial CD symptoms. The results corroborate and extend earlier\nfindings of the utility of AD as a risk indicator above severity of DB alone. They also imply that\nAD in the context of normal intellectual development may arise from both the deficient\nself-regulation associated with ADHD and from disrupted parenting, with exposure to\nkindergarten moderating these adverse effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579402001037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,14]],"date-time":"2002-11-14T17:01:01Z","timestamp":1037293261000},"page":"45-67","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Preschool children with disruptive behavior: Three-year outcome as a function of adaptive\ndisability"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"RUSSELL A.","family":"BARKLEY","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TERRI L.","family":"SHELTON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHERYL","family":"CROSSWAIT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MAUREEN","family":"MOOREHOUSE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KENNETH","family":"FLETCHER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SUSAN","family":"BARRETT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LUCY","family":"JENKINS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LORI","family":"METEVIA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,3]]},"container-title":["Development and Psychopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0954579402001037","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T21:30:20Z","timestamp":1557178220000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0954579402001037\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0954579402001037"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0954579402001037","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-5794","1469-2198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-5794","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-2198","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]}}}