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Not unlike \nthe other personality disorders (PDs), it has long been assumed that BPD \nis relatively stable, traitlike, and enduring in nature. The extent to \nwhich BPD is or is not a plastic construct has implications not only for \nunderstanding its longitudinal course, but also for understanding its \ndevelopment and, ultimately, its treatment and\/or prevention. This \npaper consists of two parts. The first part reviews the longitudinal \nresearch corpus that bears directly upon the issue of stability of BPD in \nboth adolescents and adults. The consistent trend in very nearly all \nstudies, whether using a categorical or dimensional approach to \nassessment, is one of considerable change over time. This literature \npresents complexities, however, because most of the extant studies examine \nBPD-affected individuals who have been exposed to treatment. However, at \nleast two large-scale longitudinal studies, which include both treated and \nuntreated persons, also provide support for viewing BPD as a malleable \ndisorder that declines in severity over time. The second part presents \noriginal data from the Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders that \nspecifically examine the predictors of change in BPD using a \nneurobehavioral model of personality within an individual growth curve \n(IGC) analytical framework. This IGC analysis revealed important \npredictors of both overall level of BPD features as well as rate of change \nin BPD features, with particularly important roles played by the agentic \npositive emotion (i.e., incentive motivation) and anxiety (negative \nemotion) systems. The benefits of the IGC approach for understanding the \ndevelopmental psychopathology of BPD is also stressed.\n                    <jats:fn>\n                      <jats:p>This research was supported in part by NIMH Grant MH 45448 to \nMark F. Lenzenweger for the Longitudinal Study of Personality \nDisorders.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:fn>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579405050571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,21]],"date-time":"2008-04-21T07:27:09Z","timestamp":1208762829000},"page":"1207-1237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Predicting change in borderline personality: Using neurobehavioral \nsystems indicators within an individual growth curve framework"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"MARK F.","family":"LENZENWEGER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of New York at \nBinghamton"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DANAEA DESANTIS","family":"CASTRO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of New York at \nBinghamton"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954579405050571_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(00)00014-2"},{"key":"S0954579405050571_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1308.010"},{"key":"S0954579405050571_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jrpe.2000.2293"},{"key":"S0954579405050571_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tellegen, A. 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