{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:09:12Z","timestamp":1792001352826,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,10]],"date-time":"2006-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1139529600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dev Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Using a multisite community sample of 585 children, this study \nexamined how protective and vulnerability factors alter trajectories of \nteacher-reported externalizing and internalizing behavior from \nkindergarten through Grade 8 for children who were and were not physically \nabused during the first 5 years of life. Early lifetime history of \nphysical abuse (11.8% of sample) was determined through interviews with \nmothers during the prekindergarten period; mothers and children provided \ndata on vulnerability and protective factors. Regardless of whether the \nchild was abused, being African American; being male; having low early \nsocial competence, low early socioeconomic status (SES), and low \nadolescent SES; and experiencing adolescent harsh discipline, low \nmonitoring, and low parental knowledge were related to higher levels of \nexternalizing problems over time. Having low early social competence, low \nearly SES, low adolescent SES, and low proactive parenting were related to \nhigher levels of internalizing problems over time. Furthermore, resilience \neffects, defined as significant interaction effects, were found for \nunilateral parental decision making (lower levels are protective of \nexternalizing outcomes for abused children), early stress (lower levels \nare protective of internalizing outcomes for abused children), adolescent \nstress (lower levels are protective of internalizing outcomes for abused \nchildren), and hostile attributions (higher levels are protective of \ninternalizing outcomes for abused children). The findings provide a great \ndeal of support for an additive or main effect perspective on \nvulnerability and protective factors and some support for an interactive \nperspective. It appears that some protective and vulnerability factors do \nnot have stronger effects for physically abused children, but instead are \nequally beneficial or harmful to children regardless of their abuse \nstatus.\n                    <jats:fn>\n                      <jats:p>The Child Development Project was \nfunded by Grants MH42498, MH56961, MH57024, and MH57095 from the National \nInstitute of Mental Health and HD30572 from the National Institute of \nChild Health and Human Development. We are grateful for the ongoing \ndedication of the Child Development Project participants and research \nstaff. Portions of these results were presented at the 2002 American \nPsychological Society convention in New Orleans, LA.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:fn>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579406060032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,3]],"date-time":"2006-10-03T04:37:11Z","timestamp":1159850231000},"page":"35-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":155,"title":["Developmental trajectories of externalizing and internalizing \nbehaviors: Factors underlying resilience in physically abused \nchildren"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"JENNIFER E.","family":"LANSFORD","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PATRICK S.","family":"MALONE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KRISTOPHER I.","family":"STEVENS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KENNETH A.","family":"DODGE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JOHN E.","family":"BATES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GREGORY S.","family":"PETTIT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auburn University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954579406060032_ref053","unstructured":"Ogbu, J. U. (1985).A cultural ecology of competence among inner-city Blacks.In M. B. Spencer , G. K. Brookins , & W. R. Allen (Eds.),Beginnings: The social and affective development of Blackchildren (pp.44\u201366).Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum."},{"key":"S0954579406060032_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.45.4.513"},{"key":"S0954579406060032_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072290"},{"key":"S0954579406060032_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.147.6.598"},{"key":"S0954579406060032_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1130932"},{"key":"S0954579406060032_ref002","unstructured":"Achenbach, T. M. , & Edelbrock, C. S. (1986).Manual for the Teacher's Report Form and teacher version of theChild Behavior Profile.Burlington, VT:University of Vermont."},{"key":"S0954579406060032_ref054","unstructured":"Patterson, G. R. , Reid, J. , & Dishion, T. J. (1992).Antisocial boys.Eugene, OR:Castilia."},{"key":"S0954579406060032_ref031","unstructured":"Kaplan, H. B. (1999).Toward an understanding of resilience: A critical review ofdefinitions and models. In M. D. Glantz & J. L. Johnson (Eds.),Resilience and development: Positive life adaptations. 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(1997).How the experience of early physical abuse leads children to becomechronically aggressive. In D. Cicchetti & S. L. Toth (Eds.),Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology: Vol. 8.Developmental perspectives on trauma (pp.263\u2013288).Rochester, NY:University of Rochester Press."},{"key":"S0954579406060032_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00055"},{"key":"S0954579406060032_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579402004157"},{"key":"S0954579406060032_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400004156"},{"key":"S0954579406060032_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00273.x"},{"key":"S0954579406060032_ref027","unstructured":"Garbarino, J. 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