{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T06:06:17Z","timestamp":1789020377410,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,11]],"date-time":"2007-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1192060800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dev Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Recent work on the molecular genetics of complex traits in typical and atypical human development has focused primarilyon associations of single genes with behavior. Disparate literature suggests that the presence of one or two copies of the short allele of the serotonin transporter (\n                    <jats:italic>5-HTT<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene and the long allele (7-repeat allele) version of the dopamine receptor D4 (\n                    <jats:italic>DRD4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene predicts internalizing- and externalizing-related behaviors, respectively. Apparently for the first time in the extant literature, we report a gene\u2013gene statistical interaction on behavior problems in a group of typically developing children at age 7. DNA was extracted from buccal cells collected from 108 children and genotyped for short and long alleles of the\n                    <jats:italic>5-HTT<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene and the short (2\u20135 repeats) versus long (6\u20138 repeats) allele of the\n                    <jats:italic>DRD4<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene. Mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist. As predicted, children with one or two copies of the short allele of the\n                    <jats:italic>5-HTT<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene\n                    <jats:italic>and<\/jats:italic>\n                    the long allele version of the\n                    <jats:italic>DRD4<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene exhibited significantly more internalizing and externalizing behaviors at age 7 than children with other combinations of the\n                    <jats:italic>5-HTT<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>DRD4<\/jats:italic>\n                    short and long genotypes. As well, children with the\n                    <jats:italic>5-HTT<\/jats:italic>\n                    long\n                    <jats:italic>and DRD4<\/jats:italic>\n                    long genotypes had the lowest reported scores on internalizing and externalizing behaviors at age 7, suggesting that the presence of the\n                    <jats:italic>5-HTT<\/jats:italic>\n                    long genotype may serve as a protective factor against these behaviors in children with the long\n                    <jats:italic>DRD4<\/jats:italic>\n                    genotype. Implications of these findings for understanding cumulative biological risk and protective factors in childhood behavior problems and psychopathology are discussed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579407000569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,11]],"date-time":"2007-10-11T09:07:55Z","timestamp":1192093675000},"page":"1105-1116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Evidence for a gene\u2013gene interaction in predicting children's behavior problems: Association of serotonin transporter short and dopamine receptor D4 long genotypes with internalizing and externalizing behaviors in typically developing 7-year-olds"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Louis A.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan A.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of 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