{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T06:06:17Z","timestamp":1789020377384,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,25]],"date-time":"2007-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dev Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Children referred for externalizing behavior problems may not \nrepresent a homogeneous population. Our objective was to assess neural \nmechanisms of emotion regulation that might distinguish subtypes of \nexternalizing children from each other and from their normal age mates. \nChildren with pure externalizing (EXT) problems were compared with \nchildren comorbid for externalizing and internalizing (MIXED) problems and \nwith age-matched controls. Only boys were included in the analysis because \nso few girls were referred for treatment. We used a go\/no-go task with \na negative emotion induction, and we examined dense-array EEG data \ntogether with behavioral measures of performance. We investigated two \nevent-related potential (ERP) components tapping inhibitory control or \nself-monitoring\u2014the inhibitory N2 and error-related negativity \n(ERN)\u2014and we constructed source models estimating their cortical \ngenerators. The MIXED children's N2s increased in response to the \nemotion induction, resulting in greater amplitudes than EXT children in \nthe following trial block. ERN amplitudes were greatest for control \nchildren and smallest for EXT children with MIXED children in between, but \nonly prior to the emotion induction. These results were paralleled by \nbehavioral differences in response time and performance monitoring. ERP \nactivity was localized to cortical sources suggestive of the dorsal \nanterior cingulate for control children, posterior cingulate areas for the \nEXT children, and both posterior cingulate and ventral \ncingulate\/prefrontal regions for the MIXED children. These findings \nhighlight different mechanisms of self-regulation underlying externalizing \nsubtypes and point toward distinct developmental pathways and treatment \nstrategies.\n                    <jats:fn>\n                      <jats:p>We gratefully acknowledge the \nfinancial support provided by Grant 1 R21 MH67357-01 from the \nDevelopmental Psychopathology and Prevention Research branch of the \nNational Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), as well as support from the \nCanadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR). We are also grateful for \nsupport provided (to P.D.Z.) by the Canadian Foundation for \nInnovation.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:fn>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579407070228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,6]],"date-time":"2008-06-06T03:22:03Z","timestamp":1212722523000},"page":"455-480","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Neurophysiological mechanisms of emotion regulation for subtypes of \nexternalizing children"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"JIM","family":"STIEBEN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"York University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MARC D.","family":"LEWIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ISABELA","family":"GRANIC","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Sick Children"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PHILIP DAVID","family":"ZELAZO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SIDNEY","family":"SEGALOWITZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brock University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DEBRA","family":"PEPLER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954579407070228_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dodge, K. 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