{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:28:19Z","timestamp":1792009699916,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":167,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,14]],"date-time":"2009-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1255478400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dev Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The antecedents and developmental course of borderline personality disorder symptoms were examined prospectively from infancy to adulthood using longitudinal data from a risk sample (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>= 162). Borderline personality disorder symptom counts were derived from the Structured Clinical Interview for<jats:italic>DSM<\/jats:italic>Disorders diagnostic interview at age 28 years. Correlational analyses confirmed expected relations between borderline symptoms and contemporary adult disturbance (e.g., self-injurious behavior, dissociative symptoms, drug use, relational violence) as well as maltreatment history. Antecedent correlational and regression analyses revealed significant links between borderline symptoms in adulthood and endogenous (i.e., temperament) and environmental (e.g., attachment disorganization, parental hostility) history in early childhood and disturbance across domains of child functioning (e.g., attention, emotion, behavior, relationship, self-representation) in middle childhood\/early adolescence. Process analyses revealed a significant mediating effect of self-representation on the relation between attachment disorganization on borderline symptoms. The findings are discussed within a developmental psychopathology framework in which disturbance in self-processes is constructed through successive transactions between the individual and environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579409990174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,14]],"date-time":"2009-10-14T14:16:54Z","timestamp":1255529814000},"page":"1311-1334","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":228,"title":["A prospective investigation of the development of borderline personality symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byron","family":"Egeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. Alan","family":"Sroufe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.17.6.479.25360"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref55","volume-title":"User's guide for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders\u2014Research version (SCID-I, Version 2.0, Final Version)","author":"First","year":"1996"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579497001399"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref2","volume-title":"Patterns of attachment","author":"Ainsworth","year":"1978"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(73)90014-7"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.5.1.21"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref140","volume-title":"The borderline syndromes: Constitution, personality and adaptation","author":"Stone","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0032935"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.12.1836","article-title":"The impact of mother\u2013child interaction on the development of borderline personality disorder","volume":"150","author":"Bezirganian","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490010302"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400006131"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70144-1"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref79","volume-title":"Integration and healing: Affect, trauma, and alexithymia","author":"Krystal","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref94","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Attachment in the preschool years","author":"Main","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.36.5.679"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.38.5.784"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.12.1788","article-title":"Relationship of dissociation to self-mutilation and childhood abuse in borderline personality disorder","volume":"152","author":"Brodsky","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579405050169"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.35.6.1379"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref164","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Impulsivity and compulsivity","author":"Zanarini","year":"1996"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579406060342"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00797308.1983.11823388"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref125","unstructured":"SPSS. (2009). SPSS Statistics 17 [Software]. Chicago: Author."},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref80","first-page":"287","article-title":"Knowing and not knowing massive psychic trauma: Forms of traumatic memory","volume":"74","author":"Laub","year":"1993","journal-title":"International Journal of Psycho-Analysis"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1132298"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1129213"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579401002036"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref44","first-page":"497","volume-title":"Handbook of attachment","author":"Dozier","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195090017.003.0007","volume-title":"Frontiers of developmental psychopathology","author":"Rutter","year":"1996"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref166","first-page":"255","volume-title":"Borderline personality disorders: The concept, the syndrome, the patient","author":"Wender","year":"1977"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(83)90053-4"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2003.01258.x"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00797308.1990.11823514"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70145-3"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref62","first-page":"237","volume-title":"The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud","author":"Freud","year":"1966"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-7142-1_27"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref78","volume-title":"The restoration of the self","author":"Kohut","year":"1977"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref146","volume-title":"Psychological trauma","author":"van der Kolk","year":"1987"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref30","volume-title":"Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 3. Risk, disorder, and adaptation","author":"Cicchetti","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.147.8.1008","article-title":"Childhood sexual and physical abuse in adult patients with borderline personality disorder","volume":"147","author":"Ogata","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref34","first-page":"369","volume-title":"Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 2. Risk, disorder, and adaptation","author":"Cicchetti","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref35","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 3. Risk, disorder, and adaptation","author":"Cicchetti","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06163.x"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref66","volume-title":"Borderline personality disorder","author":"Gunderson","year":"1984"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref10","volume-title":"Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment","author":"Bowlby","year":"1982"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref86","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Attachment disorganization","author":"Liotti","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200001000-00005"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref87","volume-title":"Ego development","author":"Loevinger","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.51.1.1"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.28.6.1006"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-6383(80)80006-3"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref129","first-page":"281","volume-title":"The self in transition: Infancy to childhood","author":"Sroufe","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref64","first-page":"57","volume-title":"Vulnerability to psychopathology","author":"Geiger","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4163-9_2"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref148","first-page":"145","article-title":"Childhood abuse and neglect and loss of self-regulation","volume":"58","author":"van der Kolk","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70146-5"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref138","volume-title":"The interpersonal world of the infant","author":"Stern","year":"1985"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511665707.014"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(70)80322-5"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref133","first-page":"241","volume-title":"The 30th Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology. Relationships as developmental context","author":"Sroufe","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref1","volume-title":"Manual for the Teacher's Report Form and teacher version of the Child Behavior Profile","author":"Achenbach","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.62.2.71"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref27","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 1. Theory and method","author":"Cicchetti","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579405050509"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.146.4.490","article-title":"Childhood trauma in borderline personality disorder","volume":"146","author":"Herman","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref157","volume-title":"Self-Injurious Behavior Questionnaire","author":"Yates","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3333836"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref40","volume-title":"Tasks of emotional development: A projective test for children and adolescents","author":"Cohen","year":"1971"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref144","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Textbook of personality disorders","author":"Torgerson","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref120","volume-title":"Early and middle adolescent antecedents of adult borderline personality symptoms: An empirical test of Geiger and Crick, 2001","author":"Salvatore","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2004.00398.x"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref68","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Review of psychiatry","volume":"8","author":"Gunderson","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref159","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Borderline personality disorder: Etiology and treatment","author":"Zanarini","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref84","volume-title":"Cognitive behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder","author":"Linehan","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131851"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref69","first-page":"141","volume-title":"The DSM-IV personality disorders","author":"Gunderson","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457940505042X"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref76","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Mapping the moral domain: A contribution of women's thinking to psychological theory and education","author":"Johnston","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2009.01600.x"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(00)90051-8"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579405050510"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10257-004"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457940000585X"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref8","volume-title":"Minnesota symposia on child psychology: Vol. 13. Development of cognition, affect, and social relations","author":"Block","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref9","volume-title":"The state of adolescent health in Minnesota","author":"Blum","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref11","volume-title":"Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation: anxiety and anger","author":"Bowlby","year":"1973"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref13","volume-title":"From instinct to identity","author":"Breger","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1988.tb50874.x"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400005952"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref21","volume-title":"A longitudinal study of representational organization and psychopathology","author":"Carlson","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref22","first-page":"581","volume-title":"Developmental processes and psychopathology: Vol. 1. Theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches","author":"Carlson","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2004.00654.x"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref24","first-page":"16","article-title":"An update on the Dissociative Experiences Scale","volume":"6","author":"Carlson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dissociation"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref155","volume-title":"Self-representation and emotional disorder: Cognitive and psychodynamic perspectives","author":"Westen","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref3","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/drev.1993.1021"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref28","volume-title":"Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 1. Theory and method","author":"Cicchetti","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579405050315"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400007318"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref36","first-page":"243","volume-title":"Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology. Multilevel dynamics in developmental psychopathology","author":"Cicchetti","year":"2007"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579405050492"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1130777"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref45","first-page":"33","volume-title":"The effects of child abuse and neglect: Issues and research","author":"Egeland","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref132","first-page":"285","volume-title":"Minnesota symposia on child psychology. Multilevel dynamics in developmental psychopathology: Pathways to the future","author":"Sroufe","year":"2007"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref56","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, research version, non-patient edition (SCID-I\/NP)","author":"First","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref46","first-page":"403","volume-title":"Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology: Vol. 8. The effects of trauma on the developmental process","author":"Egeland","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref48","volume-title":"The Child Care Rating Scale","author":"Egeland","year":"1975"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref49","first-page":"213","volume-title":"Treating parent\u2013infant relationship problems: Strategies for intervention","author":"Egeland","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3333831"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref57","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV personality disorders (SCID-II)","author":"First","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref58","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology: Vol. 5. Disorders and dysfunctions of the self","author":"Fischer","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2008.22.1.4"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v65n1211"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref67","volume-title":"Borderline personality disorder: A clinical guide","author":"Gunderson","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.6.2.92"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref72","volume-title":"Trauma and recovery","author":"Herman","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00030651000480041101"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref12","volume-title":"A Neonatal Assessment Scale","author":"Brazelton","year":"1973"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsn055"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref83","volume-title":"Psychotherapy with infants and young children","author":"Lieberman","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(18)30934-1","article-title":"Borderline syndromes: A consideration of subtypes and an overview: directions for research","volume":"4","author":"Stone","year":"1981","journal-title":"Psychiatric Clinics of North America"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref85","first-page":"196","article-title":"Disorganized\/disoriented attachment in the etiology of the dissociative disorders","volume":"4","author":"Liotti","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dissociation"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.1.19"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr3001_3"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3333827"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref95","volume-title":"Thematic Apperception Test","author":"Murray","year":"1943"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674041400"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref97","first-page":"860","article-title":"The effects of infant child care on infant\u2013mother attachment security: Results of the NICHD study of child care","volume":"68","year":"1997","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref17","volume-title":"A temperament theory of personality development","author":"Buss","year":"1975"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220591003614"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.34.5.925"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp1904_4"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579403000282"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref107","volume-title":"The role of fathers and men in the development of child and adolescent externalizing behavior","author":"Pierce","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1132032"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2005.00890.x"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579403000506"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref114","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology: Vol. 5. Disorders and dysfunctions of the self","author":"Putnam","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref116","first-page":"657","volume-title":"Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 3. Risk, disorder, and adaptation","author":"Putnam","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(94)90025-6"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.09.010"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref124","article-title":"The frustrating no-man's-land of borderline personality disorder","volume":"2","author":"Siever","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cerebrum, The Dana Forum on Brain Science"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref127","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology: Vol. 16. Development and policy concerning children with special needs","author":"Sroufe","year":"1983"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref128","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology: Vol. 1. The emergence of a discipline","author":"Sroufe","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511527661"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579497002046"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref134","volume-title":"The development of the person: The Minnesota study of risk and adaptation from birth to adulthood","author":"Sroufe","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1129832"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref143","first-page":"24","volume-title":"Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional and personality development","author":"Thompson","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1128475"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref137","unstructured":"StataCorp. (2003). Stata Statistical Software: Release 8. College Station, TX: Author."},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref142","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Minnesota symposia on child psychology. Systems and development","author":"Thelen","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.6.590"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(80)80712-8"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(98)00038-9"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref152","volume-title":"Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes","author":"Vygotsky","year":"1978"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.57.102904.190200"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0273-2297(83)90010-2"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref154","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology: Vol. 5. Disorders and dysfunctions of the self","author":"Westen","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579408000321"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/b14134","volume-title":"Borderline personality disorder","author":"Zanarini","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.1997.11.1.93"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref29","volume-title":"Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 2. Developmental neuroscience","author":"Cicchetti","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref43","first-page":"178","volume-title":"Enhancing early attachments: Theory, research, intervention, and policy","author":"Dozier","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.25.3.382"},{"key":"S0954579409990174_ref115","volume-title":"Dissociation in children and adolescents: A developmental approach","author":"Putnam","year":"1997"}],"container-title":["Development and Psychopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0954579409990174","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,17]],"date-time":"2024-03-17T03:45:34Z","timestamp":1710647134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0954579409990174\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,14]]},"references-count":167,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0954579409990174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0954579409990174","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-5794","1469-2198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-5794","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-2198","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,14]]}}}