{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:31:14Z","timestamp":1790076674091,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,28]],"date-time":"2010-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272412800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dev Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study identified profiles of 13 risk factors across child, family, school, and neighborhood domains in a diverse sample of children in kindergarten from four US locations (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 750; 45% minority). It then examined the relation of those early risk profiles to externalizing problems, school failure, and low academic achievement in Grade 5. A person-centered approach, latent class analysis, revealed four unique risk profiles, which varied considerably across urban African American, urban White, and rural White children. Profiles characterized by several risks that cut across multiple domains conferred the highest risk for negative outcomes. Compared to a variable-centered approach, such as a cumulative risk index, these findings provide a more nuanced understanding of the early precursors to negative outcomes. For example, results suggested that urban children in single-parent homes that have few other risk factors (i.e., show at least average parenting warmth and consistency and report relatively low stress and high social support) are at quite low risk for externalizing problems, but at relatively high risk for poor grades and low academic achievement. These findings provide important information for refining and targeting preventive interventions to groups of children who share particular constellations of risk factors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579410000088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,28]],"date-time":"2010-04-28T06:04:54Z","timestamp":1272434694000},"page":"313-335","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":156,"title":["Modeling the interplay of multilevel risk factors for future academic and behavior problems: A person-centered approach"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Stephanie T.","family":"Lanza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany L.","family":"Rhoades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Nix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark T.","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"The Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0002-9432.75.4.575"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1002\/0471264385.wei0226","volume-title":"Handbook of psychology: Vol. 2. Research methods in psychology","author":"Lanza","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.44.2.446"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014521724498"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.111.1.127"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.5.809"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.10064"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref54","first-page":"469","volume-title":"Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications","author":"Greenberg","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.59.2.77"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref93","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Behavioral assessment of childhood disorders","author":"McMahon","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579405050170"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457940000448X"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131407"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09084280802084010"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:SOCI.0000033578.81639.89"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400004855"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PREV.0000037641.26017.00"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1130770"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2007.10.003"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1991.10475005"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2657557"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/drev.1993.1021"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701575602"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-985X.2006.00419.x"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091401"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2007.01091.x"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.100.4.674"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327922par0601_4"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.t01-1-00382"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457949700206X"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1126611"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00351.x"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.35.6.1355"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref1","volume-title":"Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist and Revised Child Behavior Profile","author":"Achenbach","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00304"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.15.2023"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09243450801936845"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.34.10.844"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.35.2.403"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1997.10473658"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref27","volume-title":"Latent class and latent transition analysis: With applications in the social, behavioral, and health sciences","author":"Collins","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579403000270"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-002-0277-z"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOPP.0000018050.15852.d9"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2001.00779.x"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CCFP.0000030288.01347.a2"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-005-9001-z"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.39.4.777"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1129836"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref139","volume-title":"Woodcock\u2013Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery\u2014Revised","author":"Woodcock","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.11.1039"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.t01-1-00524"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref40","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology","author":"Dodge","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.36.6.793"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.6.1074"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2004.00820.x"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(02)80033-8"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4405(02)00108-5"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref94","volume-title":"Helping the noncompliant child: Family-based treatment for oppositional behavior","author":"McMahon","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref37","volume-title":"Emotional development in young children","author":"Denham","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref81","volume-title":"PROC LCA and PROC LTA User's guide version 1.1.5 beta","author":"Lanza","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.20054"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015389103911"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579498001564"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579403000282"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref4","volume-title":"Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions","author":"Aiken","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131385"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J005v23n01_05"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01030.x"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.43.6.1428"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.197.4302.482"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/352303"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579498001709"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.108.2.267"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131401"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4163-9_10"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref49","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Cultural processes in child development: The Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology","volume":"29","author":"Garcia Coll","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref67","volume-title":"Four Factor Index of Social Status","author":"Hollingshead","year":"1975"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00505"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref143","first-page":"471","article-title":"The impact of classroom aggression on the development of aggressive behavior problems in children","volume":"18","author":"Bierman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2270481"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2096106"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref58","first-page":"183","volume-title":"Cognitive disorders research trends","author":"Gudonis","year":"2007"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref88","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Studies of psychosocial risk","author":"Magnusson","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref92","volume-title":"Growing up with a single parent: What hurts, what helps","author":"McLanahan","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1129837"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.126.2.309"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003727-200207000-00007"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00937992"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.t01-1-00511"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7591\/9781501711992","volume-title":"Overcoming the odds: High risk children from birth to adulthood","author":"Werner","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref129","first-page":"19","article-title":"Authoritative parenting and adolescent adjustment across varied ecological niches","volume":"1","author":"Steinberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Adolescence"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.101.3.396"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref136","volume-title":"The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children III","author":"Wechsler","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2005.00878.x"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579401002048"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1988.10478584"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131400"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref2","volume-title":"Manual for the Teacher's Report Form","author":"Achenbach","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/ajgc.15.1.1"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1129603"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref101","volume-title":"A social learning approach: IV. Antisocial boys","author":"Patterson","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp3503_4"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0193-3973(93)90026-R"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.10049"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp1704_4"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431600020001004"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022835717964"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.1991.11024540"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00308.x"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref114","first-page":"1","article-title":"Social\u2013cognitive and social behavioral perspectives on problem solving","volume":"18","author":"Rubin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref115","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Primary prevention of psychopathology: Vol. 3. Social competence in children","author":"Rutter","year":"1979"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref116","volume-title":"Fifteen thousand hours: Secondary schools and their effects on children","author":"Rutter","year":"1979"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511752872.006"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131438"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5328.918"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref122","volume-title":"Assessment of children","author":"Satler","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/229068"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9507.00242"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp2504_7"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15566935eed1201_5"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200206000-00009"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/350547"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400007318"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016502549501800302"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/351733"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198809000-00016"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15566935eed1401_7"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579403000294"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref135","volume-title":"The incredible years: A trouble-shooting guide for parents of children aged 3 to 8","author":"Webster-Stratton","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00937993"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00047"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012967616026"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431602239131"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6629(199809)26:5<415::AID-JCOP2>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019874290503100106"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007564505850"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2006.00951.x"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.20.2.303"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref87","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development","author":"Maccoby","year":"1983"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/353111"},{"key":"S0954579410000088_ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1541204006292656"}],"container-title":["Development and Psychopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0954579410000088","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:09:36Z","timestamp":1711411776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0954579410000088\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,28]]},"references-count":143,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0954579410000088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0954579410000088","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-5794","1469-2198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-5794","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-2198","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,28]]}}}