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Although the processes by which this gene exerts its effects on risk are poorly understood, a small body of research suggests that the <jats:italic>DAT1<\/jats:italic> gene influences early emerging negative emotionality, a marker of children's psychopathology risk. As child negative emotionality evokes negative parenting practices, the <jats:italic>DAT1<\/jats:italic> gene may also play a role in gene\u2013environment correlations. To test this model, children (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 365) were genotyped for the <jats:italic>DAT1<\/jats:italic> gene and participated in standardized parent\u2013child interaction tasks with their primary caregiver. The <jats:italic>DAT1<\/jats:italic> gene 9-repeat variant was associated with child negative affect expressed toward the parent during parent\u2013child interactions, and parents of children with a 9-repeat allele exhibited more hostility and lower guidance\/engagement than parents of children without a 9-repeat allele. These gene\u2013environment associations were partially mediated by child negative affect toward the parent. The findings implicate a specific polymorphism in eliciting negative parenting, suggesting that evocative associations play a role in elevating children's risk for emotional trajectories toward psychopathology risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579412000971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,11]],"date-time":"2013-02-11T14:24:54Z","timestamp":1360592694000},"page":"163-173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Child dopamine active transporter 1 genotype and parenting: Evidence for evocative gene\u2013environment correlations"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth P.","family":"Hayden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haroon I.","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca S.","family":"Laptook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiyon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiva M.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel N.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954579412000971_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10155"},{"key":"S0954579412000971_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.03.001"},{"key":"S0954579412000971_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30447"},{"key":"S0954579412000971_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200205070-00029"},{"key":"S0954579412000971_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X05000063"},{"key":"S0954579412000971_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-007-9183-7"},{"key":"S0954579412000971_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03206553"},{"key":"S0954579412000971_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710000516"},{"key":"S0954579412000971_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.1.66"},{"key":"S0954579412000971_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0450-z"},{"key":"S0954579412000971_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579407000545"},{"key":"S0954579412000971_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(98)00019-8"},{"key":"S0954579412000971_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00178"},{"key":"S0954579412000971_ref42","volume-title":"Four Factor Index of Social Status","author":"Hollingshead","year":"1975"},{"key":"S0954579412000971_ref37","first-page":"533","volume-title":"Developmental psychopathology: Developmental neuroscience","author":"Gunnar","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0954579412000971_ref24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Incorporating genetics into your studies: A guide for social scientists","volume":"17","author":"Dick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in Child and Neurodevelopmental Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0954579412000971_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.122.4.901"},{"key":"S0954579412000971_ref5","first-page":"415","volume-title":"Handbook of parenting: Vol. 3. 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