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Child genotype interacted with observed harsh and intrusive (but not sensitive) parenting to predict ODD and CU behaviors. Harsh\u2013intrusive parenting was more strongly associated with ODD and CU for children with a methionine allele of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene. CU behaviors were uniquely predicted by harsh\u2013intrusive parenting in infancy, whereas ODD behaviors were predicted by harsh\u2013intrusive parenting in both infancy and toddlerhood\/preschool. 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