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The current study investigated possible associations between neglect and internalizing and externalizing problems. As neglect and abuse often co-occur, the latter was controlled for. In total, 409 Tanzanian primary school students (52% boys, <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> = 10.5 years, range = 6\u201315) participated in the cross-sectional study. Structured clinical interviews were conducted assessing maltreatment, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems. Overall, 31% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 128) of the children reported at least one type of physical neglect and 31% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 127) of emotional neglect. Using structural equation modeling, we found a significant association between neglect and internalizing (\u03b2 = 0.59, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01) and externalizing problems (\u03b2 = 0.35, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). However, these associations could only be detected in younger children (ages 6\u20139), whereas in older children (ages 10\u201315), mental health problems were significantly related to violence and abuse. Our findings suggest that the current age may influence the association between maltreatment type and the development of internalizing and\/or externalizing problems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579417001882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T08:24:28Z","timestamp":1522052668000},"page":"325-339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Child neglect and its relation to emotional and behavioral problems: A cross-sectional study of primary school-aged children in Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9272-0512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Hecker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria S.","family":"Boettcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus A.","family":"Landolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharin","family":"Hermenau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-014-0038-x"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/car.2353"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579401003078"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.06.008"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM0902_1"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000711005X67490"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.04.002"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref4","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Child abuse, child development, and social policy: Advances in applied developmental psychology","volume":"8","author":"Barnett","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref65","volume-title":"Child maltreatment, 2009","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117423"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.1.49"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref15","first-page":"439","volume-title":"Structural equation modeling: A second course","author":"Finney","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref54","volume-title":"Fourth National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (NIS-4): Report to Congress","author":"Sedlak","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559505275014"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref28","volume-title":"World economic outlook: April 2007","year":"2007"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(00)00024-0"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref68","volume-title":"An update on the \u201cCycle of Violence\u201d (NCJ 184894)","author":"Widom","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7208-3"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.8.837"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559597002001003"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.11.007"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.87.1.49"},{"key":"S0954579417001882_ref48","unstructured":"R Core Team. 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