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This meta-analysis attempted to quantify the longitudinal relationship between parental alcohol, tobacco, and drug use and child well-being, investigating variation across a range of substance and well-being indices and other potential moderators. We performed a literature search of peer-reviewed, English language, longitudinal observational studies that reported outcomes for children aged 0 to 18 years. In total, 56 studies, yielding 220 dependent effect sizes, met inclusion criteria. A multilevel random-effects model revealed a statistically significant, small detriment to child well-being for parental substance abuse over time (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .15). Moderator analyses demonstrated that the effect was more pronounced for parental drug use (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .25), compared with alcohol use (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .13), tobacco use (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .13), and alcohol use disorder (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .14). Results highlight a need for future studies that better capture the effect of parental psychoactive substance abuse on the full breadth of childhood well-being outcomes and to integrate substance abuse into models that specify the precise conditions under which parental behavior determines child well-being.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Registration<\/jats:italic>\n                    : PROSPERO CRD42017076088\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579419000749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]],"date-time":"2019-07-05T05:12:12Z","timestamp":1562303532000},"page":"765-778","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["The Enduring Effects of Parental Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drug Use on Child Well-being: A Multilevel 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