{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T13:24:15Z","timestamp":1774358655828,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589846400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dev Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although children with incarcerated parents exhibit more behavior problems, health concerns, and academic difficulties than their peers, few interventions or resources are available to support affected children. This randomized, controlled, multisite efficacy trial evaluated Sesame Street\u2019s \"Little Children, Big Challenges: Incarceration\" initiative with children aged 3 to 8 years with a jailed father. Seventy-one diverse children and their caregivers were randomized to an educational outreach group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 32) or wait list control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 39). Researchers observed children during jail visits and interviewed caregivers by phone 2 and 4 weeks later. The effects of the intervention on children\u2019s behavior and emotions occurring during a jail visit depended on what children had been told about the father\u2019s incarceration. Children who were told honest, developmentally appropriate explanations showed less negative affect at entry, an increase in negative affect when the intervention was administered, and a decrease in negative affect during the visit. Intervention group children who were told distortions, nothing, or explanations that were not developmentally appropriate showed more negative affect initially, and their negative affect remained relatively stable during their time in the jail. In addition, children who were told the simple, honest truth about the parent\u2019s incarceration (a recommendation in the educational materials) exhibited more positive affect during the visit, with a medium effect size. Caregivers in the educational outreach group reported more positive change in how they talked to children about the incarceration over time compared to the control group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579419001792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T13:34:10Z","timestamp":1589895250000},"page":"323-339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Multisite randomized efficacy trial of educational materials for young children with incarcerated parents"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9249-2425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Poehlmann-Tynan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hilary","family":"Cuthrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Weymouth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Burnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lexi","family":"Frerks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Muentner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Holder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Milavetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Lauter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Hindt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurel","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Shlafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954579419001792_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x","article-title":"The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A research note","volume":"38","author":"Goodman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0954579419001792_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-009-9311-9","article-title":"The relation of exposure to parental criminal activity, arrest, and sentencing to children's maladjustment","volume":"19","author":"Dallaire","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"key":"S0954579419001792_ref35","volume-title":"Children of the prison boom: Mass incarceration and the future of American inequality","author":"Wakefield","year":"2014"},{"key":"S0954579419001792_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.0.0052","article-title":"Parental imprisonment, the prison boom, and the concentration of childhood disadvantage","volume":"46","author":"Wildeman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"S0954579419001792_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1037\/cfp0000058","article-title":"A family stress-proximal process model for understanding the effects of parental incarceration on children and their families","volume":"5","author":"Arditti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice"},{"key":"S0954579419001792_ref21","volume-title":"Handbook on children with incarcerated parents","author":"Poehlmann-Tynan","year":"2019"},{"key":"S0954579419001792_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1080\/14616730903417052","article-title":"Attachment and caregiving relationships in families affected by parental incarceration","volume":"12","author":"Shlafer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Attachment and Human Development"},{"key":"S0954579419001792_ref4","volume-title":"Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. 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