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We addressed these issues in prospective studies in the United Kingdom and Colombia. In a UK epidemiological cohort, CU traits and aggression were assessed at age 3.5 years, and aggression at 5.0 years by mothers (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 687) and partners (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 397). In a Colombian general population sample, CU traits were assessed at age 3.5 years and aggression at 3.5 and 5.0 years by mother report (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 220). Analyses consistently showed prediction of age-5.0 aggression by age-3.5 CU traits controlling for age-3.5 aggression. Associations between age-3.5 CU traits and age-5.0 aggression were moderated by aggression at 3.5 years, with UK interaction terms, same informant, \u03b2 = .07 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .014 cross-informant, \u03b2 = .14 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .002, and in Colombia, \u03b2 = .09 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .128. The interactions arose from stronger associations between CU traits and later aggression in those already aggressive. Our findings with preschoolers replicated across culturally diverse settings imply a major role for CU traits in the maintenance and amplification of already established aggression, and cast doubt on their contribution to its origins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579420002114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T08:20:54Z","timestamp":1616487654000},"page":"1079-1087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Synergy between callous\u2013unemotional traits and aggression in preschool children: Cross-informant and cross-cultural replication in the UK Wirral Child Health and Development Study, and the Colombian La Sabana Parent\u2013Child Study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Obando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Sharp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Pickles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3285-2051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954579420002114_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"S0954579420002114_ref11","volume-title":"Nueva metodolog\u00eda de estratificaci\u00f3n socioecon\u00f3mica","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0954579420002114_ref19","volume-title":"General health questionnaire (GHQ)","author":"Goldberg","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0954579420002114_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.3.400"},{"key":"S0954579420002114_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.6.782"},{"key":"S0954579420002114_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3577"},{"key":"S0954579420002114_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2009.02199.x"},{"key":"S0954579420002114_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045446"},{"key":"S0954579420002114_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2014-204992"},{"key":"S0954579420002114_ref28","volume-title":"The English indices of deprivation 2004 (revised). 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