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Co-occurring and pure relational bullying and victimization experiences were measured using a dimensional bifactor model, aiming to address methodological limitations of categorical approaches, using data from 300 preschoolers (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub> = 44.70 months, <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> = 4.38). Factor scores were then saved and used in nested path analyses with a subset of participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 81) to test main study hypotheses regarding effects of HAB and skin conductance level reactivity (SCL-R). Bifactor models provided good fit to the data at two independent time points. HAB and SCL-R interacted to predict increases in co-occurring relational bullying\/victimization with evidence for over- and underarousal pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579421000298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T01:33:25Z","timestamp":1629682405000},"page":"1300-1312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Stress reactivity and social cognition in pure and co-occurring early childhood relational bullying and victimization"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9062-1000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gretchen R.","family":"Perhamus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7138-019X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin J.","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dianna","family":"Murray-Close","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie M.","family":"Ostrov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954579421000298_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702616657069","article-title":"Three concerns with applying a bifactor modelas structure of psychopathology","volume":"5","author":"Bonifay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Psychological Science"},{"key":"S0954579421000298_ref63","first-page":"1","article-title":"Parsing apart affective dimensions of withdrawal: Longitudinal relations with peer victimization","author":"Perry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Development and 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