{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:46:14Z","timestamp":1786999574997,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dev Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Despite nonoverlapping diagnostic criteria, internalizing and externalizing disorders show substantial comorbidity. This comorbidity is attributable, at least in part, to transdiagnostic neuroaffective mechanisms. Both unipolar depression and externalizing disorders are characterized by structural and functional compromises in the striatum and its projections to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and other frontal regions. Smaller volumes and dampened reward responding in these regions are associated with anhedonia and irritability \u2013 mood states that cut across the internalizing and externalizing spectra. In contrast, smaller amygdala volumes and dampened amygdala function differentiate externalizing disorders from internalizing disorders. Little is known, however, about associations between internalizing\u2013externalizing comorbidity and brain volumes in these regions, or whether such patterns differ by sex. Using a transdiagnostic, research domain criteria (RDoC)-informed approach, we evaluate associations between heterotypic (Internalizing \u00d7 Externalizing) symptom interactions and striatal, amygdalar, and ACC volumes among participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 6,971, mean age 9.9 years, 51.6% female). Heterotypic symptoms were associated with ACC volumes for both sexes, over and above the main effects of internalizing and externalizing alone. However, heterotypic comorbidity was associated with larger ACC volumes for girls, but with smaller ACC volumes for boys. These findings suggest a need for further studies and transdiagnostic assessment by sex.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579421000560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T06:55:50Z","timestamp":1638860150000},"page":"1620-1633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Internalizing\u2013externalizing comorbidity and regional brain volumes in the ABCD study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1099-0557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elana","family":"Schettini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0144-524X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylia","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0938-945X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodore P.","family":"Beauchaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954579421000560_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/mono.12038","article-title":"National Institutes of Health Toolbox cognition battery (NIH Toolbox CB): Validation for children between 3 and 15 years: VIII. 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