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Further, little is known about the immediate and enduring effects of two important attachments in children\u2019s lives, namely caregiver\u2013child relationship and deviant peer affiliation, on resilience development over time. This study sought to examine the ways in which caregiver\u2013child relationships and deviant peer affiliation shape developmental trajectories of resilience among child welfare-involved youth. Data were drawn from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being. Latent growth curve modeling was conducted on a sample of 711 adolescents. The results revealed that adolescents\u2019 resilience increased across a 36-month period since initial contact with Child Protective Services. Better caregiver\u2013child relationships were associated with a higher initial level of resilience among adolescents, whereas higher deviant peer affiliation was associated with a lower initial level of resilience. Significant lagged effects were also found; caregiver\u2013child relationship quality and deviant peer affiliation at baseline were associated with resilience at 18 months after. The findings suggest that interventions that aim to promote positive caregiver\u2013child relationships and prevent deviant peer relationships may help foster resilience among adolescents who have experienced child maltreatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579421000924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T08:32:37Z","timestamp":1636705957000},"page":"1069-1078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Longitudinal examination of resilience among child welfare-involved adolescents: The roles of caregiver\u2013child relationships and deviant peer affiliation"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2318-2823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kierra","family":"Sattler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerica","family":"Knox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5871-1137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yitong","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2009.08.003"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2575-6"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3562-0"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cfs.12691"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.05.004"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14616730500365928"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref68","volume-title":"Manual for the Rochester Assessment Package for Schools","author":"Wellborn","year":"1987"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579412000077"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jftr.12255"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.10.012"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2017.1405351"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104446"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838009358892"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-017-0904-4"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2015.12.005"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref29","volume-title":"The social skills rating system.","author":"Gresham","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104921"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15328007sem1203_8"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02608.x"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146511433507"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs5020176"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM0803_5"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.07.018"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.10.010"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.37.4.550"},{"key":"S0954579421000924_ref66","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children\u2019s Bureau. 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