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We investigated whether self-control in first grade predicted success in the transition to adulthood in a longitudinal cohort of first graders who participated in a universal intervention trial to prevent poor achievement and reduce aggression in Baltimore schools. We also explored whether the intervention moderated the relationship between self-control and young adult outcomes. Teachers rated self-control using the Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation-Revised. Study outcomes were on-time high school graduation, college participation, teen pregnancy, substance use disorder, criminal justice system involvement, and incarceration (ages 19\u201326). Latent profile analysis was used to identify classes of childhood self-control. A high self-control class (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 279, 48.1%), inattentive class (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 201, 35.3%), and inattentive\/hyperactive class (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 90, 16.6%) were identified. Children with better self-control were more likely to graduate on time and attend college; no significant class differences were found for teen pregnancy, substance use disorder, criminal justice system involvement, or incarceration. A classroom-based intervention reduced criminal justice system involvement and substance use disorder among children with high self-control. Early interventions to promote child self-control may have long-term individual and social benefits.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579421001255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T05:48:40Z","timestamp":1643003320000},"page":"1358-1370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Self-control in first grade predicts success in the transition to adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4532-1847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara B.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin M.","family":"Voegtline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Ialongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl G.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7267-5822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rashelle J.","family":"Musci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.7.1.77"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref67","volume-title":"Mplus: Statistical analysis with latent variables: User\u2019s guide","author":"Muth\u00e9n","year":"2017"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2006.07.007"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-009-9485-x"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-008-9354-z"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038662"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.5.469"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00923"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpq025"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579405050029"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010814-015221"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref16","first-page":"324","volume-title":"Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications","author":"Calkins","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2008.12.016"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.53.2.205"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-018-0220-0"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1969.2-119"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-014-9859-8"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.246"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579419001482"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2015.10.003"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2016.08.028"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2304\/gsch.2012.2.2.158"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref30","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Whither opportunity: Rising inequality, schools, and children\u2019s life chances","author":"Duncan","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701575396"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2658056"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2014.915181"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.17.4.545"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2018.1547970"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674028845","volume-title":"The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design","author":"Bronfenbrenner","year":"1979"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mph001"},{"key":"S0954579421001255_ref33","first-page":"575","article-title":"Stops and stares: Street stops, surveillance, and race in the new policing. 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