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Secondary data analysis was performed with the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K-2011; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 13,860, <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>age<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> = 8.1 years old in the spring of Grade 2; 51.1% male, 46.7% White, 13.2% African-American, 25.3% Hispanic or Latino, 8.5% Asian, and 6.1% other or biracial). Children who experienced high and persistent levels of peer victimization (high-chronic victims) exhibited co-occurring externalizing and internalizing problems. Moreover, among high-chronic victims, boys had a more pronounced increase in their externalizing trajectories, and girls had greater increases in their social anxiety trajectories. In contrast, those with decreasing peer victimization across time exhibited signs of recovery, particularly with respect to their social anxiety. These findings elucidated how chronic, increasing, and decreasing victims exhibited distinct patterns in the co-occurring development of their externalizing and internalizing problems, and how findings varied depending on the form of problem behavior and by child sex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579422000426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T08:06:25Z","timestamp":1652688385000},"page":"1756-1774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Chronic, increasing, and decreasing peer victimization trajectories and the development of externalizing and internalizing problems in middle childhood"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3306-9330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Idean","family":"Ettekal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjali","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0706-204X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0098-0961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Brooker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000107"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701575396"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9507.2008.00522.x"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.132.1.98"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.07.009"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02211.x"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-021-01498-w"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20374"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J135v02n02_08"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00447"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.42.2.218"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2012.03.003"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.139303"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2019.1590146"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref69","volume-title":"Longitudinal structural equation modeling","author":"Little","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref11","volume-title":"Applied missing data analysis","author":"Enders","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280220981747"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400007318"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/mpq.2003.0022"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref24","volume-title":"Life events as stressors in childhood and adolescence","author":"Johnson","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.170219"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025409348560"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025409343765"},{"key":"S0954579422000426_ref60","volume-title":"Early childhood longitudinal study, kindergarten class of 2010-11 (ECLS-K:2011): User\u2019s manual for the ECLS-K:2011 kindergarten-fifth grade data file and electronic codebook, public version. 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