{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T11:11:18Z","timestamp":1785669078106,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663891200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dev Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The DNA revolution has energized research on interactions between genes and environments (GxE) by creating indices of G (polygenic scores) that are powerful predictors of behavioral traits. Here, we test the extent to which polygenic scores for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and neuroticism moderate associations between parent reports of their children\u2019s environmental risk (E) at ages 3 and 4 and teacher ratings of behavior problems (hyperactivity\/inattention, conduct problems, emotional symptoms, and peer relationship problems) at ages 7, 9 and 12. The sampling frame included up to 6687 twins from the Twins Early Development Study. Our analyses focused on relative effect sizes of G, E and GxE in predicting behavior problems. G, E and GxE predicted up to 2%, 2% and 0.4%, respectively, of the variance in externalizing behavior problems (hyperactivity\/inattention and conduct problems) across ages 7, 9 and 12, with no clear developmental trends. G and E predictions of emotional symptoms and peer relationship problems were weaker. A quarter (12 of 48) of our tests of GxE were nominally significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .05). Increasing the predictive power of G and E would enhance the search for GxE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579422000931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T10:05:38Z","timestamp":1663927538000},"page":"1816-1826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Gene\u2013environment interaction using polygenic scores: Do polygenic scores for psychopathology moderate predictions from environmental risk to behavior 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