{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T11:15:49Z","timestamp":1791976549934,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686096000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dev Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study expanded the Benevolent Childhood Experiences scale (termed the \u201cBCEs-Original\u201d scale) with 10 new multisystem items and identified a subset of items (termed the \u201cBCEs-Revised\u201d scale) that are systematically less commonly reported across samples. Total BCEs-Revised scores were tested against total BCEs-Original scores and three dimensions of childhood adversity (maltreatment, threat, and deprivation) as predictors of young adulthood mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms). Hypotheses expected stronger inverse associations of BCEs-Revised scores than BCEs-Original scores with all mental health problems. Participants were 1,746 U.S. young adults (\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 26.6 years,\n                    <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 4.7,\n                    <jats:italic>range<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 19\u201335 years; 55.3% female, 42.4% male, 2.3% gender non-conforming; 67.0% White, 10.3% Asian, 8.6% Black, 8.4% Latine, 5.7% other) who completed a 20-item BCEs scale and well-validated instruments on childhood adversities and mental health problems. Compared to BCEs-Original scores, BCEs-Revised scores were significantly more strongly inversely associated with all mental health outcomes. Compared to childhood threat and deprivation, maltreatment was significantly more strongly associated with PTSD symptoms. After controlling for current depression symptoms, BCEs-Revised scores interacted with maltreatment to predict PTSD symptoms. Maltreatment and BCEs-Revised scores also influenced PTSD symptoms in person-oriented analyses. The BCEs-Revised scale has strong psychometric properties and unique strengths in research and practice. Implications for multisystem resilience are discussed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579423000536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T03:33:12Z","timestamp":1686108792000},"page":"2444-2463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["A multisystem, dimensional interplay of assets versus adversities: Revised benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) in the context of childhood maltreatment, threat, and deprivation"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9019-8377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela J.","family":"Narayan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0114-5952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jillian S.","family":"Merrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianna S.","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21676968221114260"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122414-033259"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112696"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref59","unstructured":"Weathers, F. W. , Litz, B. T. , Keane, T. M. , Palmieri, P. A. , Marx, B. P. , & Schnurr, P. P. The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), 2013). Scale available from the National Center for PTSD at. www.ptsd.va.gov"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref34","first-page":"43","article-title":"Therapeutic perinatal research with low-income families: Leveraging Benevolent Childhood Experiences (BCEs) and fathers\u2019 perspectives to promote resilience","volume":"39","author":"Narayan","year":"2019","journal-title":"ZERO TO THREE Journal"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2017.01.006"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691621992346"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, D. , Dieujuste, N. , Doom, J. R. , & Narayan, A. J. (2023). A systematic review of positive childhood experiences and adult outcomes: Promotive and protective processes in the context of childhood adversity. Paper presented at the 2023 Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD), Salt Lake City, UT.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106346"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref41","first-page":"676","article-title":"Risk, vulnerability, and protective processes of parental expressed emotion for children\u2019s peer relationships in contexts of parental violence","volume":"44","author":"Narayan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559516659556"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref42","unstructured":"National Center for PTSD. 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(2005-2012). http:\/\/www.norusis.com\/pdf\/SPC_v13.pdf"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.3007"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457949700206X"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.12.023"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref12","volume-title":"Residuals and influence in regression","author":"Cook","year":"1982"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42844-023-00089-x"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559513500380"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0000510"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref57","volume-title":"The development of the person","author":"Sroufe","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579421001826"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0000521"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00541-0"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.10.012"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0000327"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.186"},{"key":"S0954579423000536_ref10","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 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Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}