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This study builds on this body of research by examining the mediated effect of pubertal timing on sexual activity through self-regulation in 728 adolescents and their families in a group with poor resources and a group with adequate resources. Income-to-Needs (ITN) was measured at age 7.5 to establish two groups (low-ITN and Medium\/High-ITN). Pubertal timing was measured at age 10.5, self-regulation was assessed at age 14 and operationalized with effortful control, and sexual activity was assessed at age 16. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypothesized model in both groups. The link between pubertal timing and sexual activity mediated by effortful control was only significant in the low-ITN group. Specifically, more advanced pubertal maturity was associated with lower levels of adolescents\u2019 effortful control, which in turn was associated with more sexual activity at age 16. Findings were partially replicated with a drug use index replacing sexual activity. This study shows a different operating link from pubertal timing to effortful control and subsequent risk behavior in resource-poor environments. Implications are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s095457942300127x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T09:09:36Z","timestamp":1696410576000},"page":"1941-1947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["How pubertal timing and self-regulation predict adolescent sexual activity in resource-poor environments"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9763-5875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roy","family":"Otten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1498-7873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thao","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Westling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Lemery-Chalfant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melvin N.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S095457942300127X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02090316"},{"key":"S095457942300127X_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00355"},{"key":"S095457942300127X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291705005891"},{"key":"S095457942300127X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2008.01195.x"},{"key":"S095457942300127X_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1130900"},{"key":"S095457942300127X_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/11485-000"},{"key":"S095457942300127X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00020.x"},{"volume-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","year":"2015","author":"Kline","key":"S095457942300127X_ref25"},{"key":"S095457942300127X_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2011.11.021"},{"key":"S095457942300127X_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579417001742"},{"key":"S095457942300127X_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00159"},{"key":"S095457942300127X_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12547"},{"volume-title":"Intervening in adolescent problem behavior: A family-centered approach","year":"2003","author":"Dishion","key":"S095457942300127X_ref11"},{"key":"S095457942300127X_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.21951"},{"key":"S095457942300127X_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12126"},{"key":"S095457942300127X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2004.06.021"},{"key":"S095457942300127X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131166"},{"key":"S095457942300127X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3313"},{"key":"S095457942300127X_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cku078"},{"key":"S095457942300127X_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.69.4.627"},{"key":"S095457942300127X_ref32","first-page":"20190040","article-title":"The evolution of life-history theory: A bibliometric analysis of an interdisciplinary research area","volume":"286","author":"Nettle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings. 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