{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:46:49Z","timestamp":1786999609273,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732060800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dev Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The importance of interactions between child temperament and parenting has been accepted ever since Thomas and Chess (1977) proposed their \u201cgoodness-of-fit\u201d construct, but over the last three decades, pertinent research has grown exponentially. Researchers examining child characteristics that can moderate the effects of socialization have tested increasingly complex, nuanced, and sophisticated models, largely inspired by the highly influential frameworks of child plasticity or differential susceptibility (Belsky &amp; Pluess, 2009). Yet, multiple questions remain unsettled. We addressed four such questions as applied to predicting children\u2019s observed disregard for rules at age 4.5 in a study of 200 community families from the US Midwest. (a) We examined children\u2019s observed negative emotionality at 16 months, most commonly seen as a plasticity \u201ctrait,\u201d but separating anger and fear proneness, which may differently moderate effects of socialization. (b) We examined two separate aspects of observed parental socialization at age 3, mutually responsive orientation and power assertion. (c) We distinguished analytically diathesis-stress from differential susceptibility. (d) We examined all effects in mother\u2013 and father\u2013child relationships. We supported both diathesis-stress and differential susceptibility, depending on the facet of negative emotionality, the aspect of socialization considered, and parental gender, highlighting the nuanced nature of the processes involved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579424001731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T00:12:00Z","timestamp":1732061520000},"page":"2138-2150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Considering heterogeneity within negative emotionality can inform the distinction between diathesis-stress and differential susceptibility: Children\u2019s early anger and fear as moderators of effects of parental socialization on antisocial conduct"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0358-9271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6230-5016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazyna","family":"Kochanska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2006.06.003"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3301_6"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579415000607"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579410000696"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1130527"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3760788"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref2","first-page":"17","volume-title":"The origins of human social relations","author":"Ainsworth","year":"1971"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref16","article-title":"Temperament: Early developing personality traits","author":"Buss","year":"1984","journal-title":"Erlbaum"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20230256"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref68","first-page":"20","article-title":"Multiple developmental pathways to conduct disorder: Current conceptualizations and clinical implications","volume":"22","author":"Pardini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2015.04.005"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171900374X"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12120"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref1","volume-title":"Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions","author":"Aiken","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400007318"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9507.2007.00438.x"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14616734.2021.1976399"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579409000492"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref76","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional and personality development","volume":"3","author":"Rothbart","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref77","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Handbook of child psychology:Social, emotional, and personality development","volume":"3","author":"Rothbart","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09637214211035101"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13539"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457941000060X"},{"key":"S0954579424001731_ref35","unstructured":"Fraley, R. 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