{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T06:36:30Z","timestamp":1793255790890,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/tdm\/tdmrep-policy.json"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dev Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Co-occurring autism and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been associated with poorer social skills. Most studies examining the association of ADHD symptoms and social skills in autism employ categorical and cross-sectional designs, which provide a narrow view of the development of ADHD symptoms. Using group-based trajectory modeling, we identified five trajectories of caregiver-reported attention problems in an inception cohort of autistic children (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 393) followed from age 2\u20135 years (T1) to age 10.5\u201311 years (T8): Low-Stable (LS; 15.5% of participants), Low-Decreasing (LD; 25.2%), Low-Increasing (LI; 19.2%), Moderate-Decreasing (MD; 32.9%), and High-Stable (HS; 7.2%). Child FSIQ and caregiver age at baseline were lower and caregiver depression at baseline was higher for participants in the MD group than the LS group. Psychotropic medication use was associated with higher attention problems. The MD and HS groups had similar mean Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (VABS-II) Socialization standard scores at T8, which were lower than other groups. The LI group had lower Socialization scores than the LS group. Results support that a decline in caregiver-reported attention problems is common but not universal in autistic children and that even moderate\/subclinical attention problems may relate to social skills outcomes in autism.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579425000021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T02:25:17Z","timestamp":1739413517000},"page":"2402-2415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Trajectories of attention problems in autistic children and relations to social skills outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6738-051X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annie Elise","family":"Richard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IWK Health Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Duku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa A.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Szatmari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9058-7276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracy","family":"Vaillancourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universtiy of Ottawa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lonnie","family":"Zwaigenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stelios","family":"Georgiades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anat","family":"Zaidman-Zait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tel Aviv University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connor M.","family":"Kerns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Bedford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary University of London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IWK Health Centre"},{"name":"Dalhousie University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0879"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054708322996"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref5","first-page":"745","article-title":"Three-year latent class trajectories of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in a clinical sample not selected for ADHD","volume":"53","author":"Arnold","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref78","author":"Roid","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124111400041"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.je.2016.09.004"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-021-05150-1"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref2","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms and profiles","author":"Achenbach","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-009-0716-5"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2020.100935"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu204"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-021-05006-8"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10121732"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1474"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01764-z"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.2817"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13479"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-2933-z"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2011.03.009"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.103"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-018-1165-5"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-020-00338-1"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.04.037"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref88","first-page":"868","article-title":"Atomoxetine and parent training for children with autism and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: A 24-week extension study","volume":"55","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2433-6"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721000349"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-014-0634-8"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref43","first-page":"409","article-title":"Parental age and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)","volume":"46","author":"Hvolgaard Mikkelsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref94","first-page":"659","article-title":"Variation in the early trajectories of autism symptoms is related to the development of language, cognition, and behavior problems","volume":"56","author":"Visser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054718790588"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref81","volume-title":"ADI-R: The autism diagnostic interview-revised","author":"Rutter","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0620-9"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2021.21010032"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-104"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291723001599"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-016-1755-6"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-1682"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318293ad53"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12951"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547231154903"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref25","volume-title":"Symptom checklist-90-R: Administration, scoring and procedure manual for the revised version of the SCL-90","author":"Derogatis","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref107","volume-title":"Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: Second Edition","author":"Sparrow","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1884"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-018-1258-1"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0900G"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1995.10476572"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124101029003005"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2017.06.001"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02451.x"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.12.005"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-016-0644-5"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref98","volume-title":"WPPSI-III technical and interpretive manual","author":"Wechsler","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.07.071"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191119876023"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-018-0473-z"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref1","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms and profiles","author":"Achenbach","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(98)00100-7"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-020-01182-2"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref55","volume-title":"Autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS) manual","author":"Lord","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jst048"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103930"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12146"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719002368"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0194-0"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02314-3"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000112"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12450"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-2919-x"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2414"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1719-1"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-021-05227-x"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0123-0"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032112"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmps.1999.1278"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-010-0092-x"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.07.059"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-016-0072-1"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000373"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-116.5.381"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579416000043"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref15","volume-title":"Let\u2019s do this--Let\u2019s end child poverty for good: Campaign 2000 report card on child and family poverty in Canada, 2015","year":"2015"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124106292364"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674041318"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2024.2335625"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344136"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579420000826"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-009-0062-3"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-009-9174-9"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref102","first-page":"525","article-title":"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder symptoms are associated with lower adaptive behavior skills in children with autism","volume":"58","author":"Yerys","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2009.12.010"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922808319963"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2595-2"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000086"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1020-5"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsv092"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-3025-9"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2011.01797.x"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2020.1750021"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054715616490"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.1.40"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2018.10.001"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2018.11.009"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02606.x"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371205701005"},{"key":"S0954579425000021_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113522"}],"container-title":["Development and Psychopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0954579425000021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0954579425000021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T06:23:58Z","timestamp":1793255038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0954579425000021\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0954579425000021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0954579425000021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-5794","1469-2198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-5794","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-2198","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}