{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T22:55:56Z","timestamp":1792364156714,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dev Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention and\/or hyperactivity-impulsivity, accompanied by deficits in executive function (EF). However, how the two core symptoms of ADHD are affected by EF deficits remains unclear. 649 children with ADHD were recruited. Data were collected from ADHD rating scales, the Behavior Rating Inventory of EF (BRIEF), and other demographic questionnaires. Regression and path analyses were conducted to explore how deficits in cool and hot EF influence different ADHD core symptoms. Latent class analysis and logistic regression were employed to further examine whether classification of ADHD subtypes is associated with specific EF deficits. EF deficits significantly predicted the severity of ADHD core symptoms, with cool EF being a greater predictor of inattention and hot EF having a more significant effect on hyperactivity\/impulsivity. Moreover, person-centered analyses revealed higher EF deficits in subtypes of ADHD with more severe symptoms, and both cool and hot EF deficits could predict the classification of ADHD subtypes. Our findings identify distinct roles for cool and hot EF deficits in the two core symptoms of ADHD, which provide scientific support for the development of ADHD diagnostic tools and personalized intervention from the perspective of specific EF deficits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579425100242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T05:49:13Z","timestamp":1750052953000},"page":"2636-2645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The distinct effects of cool and hot executive function deficits on ADHD core symptoms: Combining variable-centered and person-centered approaches"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3028-0114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueke","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1766-5418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9278-6474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingyong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University"},{"name":"Ministry of Education"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0411-18.2018"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12020141"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007870050057"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2014.12.005"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1336040"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-006-9059-2"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054718802015"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-011-9457-0"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054718804347"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579420002199"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004710"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.14112"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191107313888"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.19020183"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsn133"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054715580847"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03818-1"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054719896858"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565640701729755"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101728"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01777.x"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.04.007"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2023.104514"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2020.1866521"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2013.01.002"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.03.001"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20611"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054715625301"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5)","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0095798420930932"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-8606.2012.00246.x"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref17","volume-title":"Behavior rating inventory of executive functions-2","author":"Gioia","year":"2015"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000550"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-018-0438-2"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2016.00070"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565640701884253"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23982128211007769"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0564-4"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref70","first-page":"574","volume-title":"The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of childhood cognitive development","author":"Zelazo","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054708322990"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000798"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102483"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-022-00957-7"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30167-0"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30017-0"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12868"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579422001432"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-018-0214-x"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-021-00792-2"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref38","first-page":"277","article-title":"Reliability and validity of behavior rating scale of executive function parent form for school age children in China","volume":"39","author":"Qian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Beijing DA Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.03.009"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2006.01.011"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2007.11.008"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-023-02235-3"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143750"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.20"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-devpsych-060320-093413"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref56","first-page":"345","article-title":"Beyond the dual pathway model: Evidence for the dissociation of timing, inhibitory, and delay-related impairments in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"49","author":"Sonuga-Barke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3916"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2021.03.016"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000768"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-072319-024242"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00506"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jst050"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2003.08.005"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2020.1817355"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30049-4"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.08.025"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2528"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Executive function in ADHD and ASD: A scoping review","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.121.1.65"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(01)00432-6"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-021-00883-0"},{"key":"S0954579425100242_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ejihpe12110116"}],"container-title":["Development and Psychopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0954579425100242","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T01:45:32Z","timestamp":1762911932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0954579425100242\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0954579425100242"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0954579425100242","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-5794","1469-2198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-5794","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-2198","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}