{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:59:56Z","timestamp":1790935196596,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dev Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Although the intergenerational transmission of anxiety is well documented, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In a community sample of mother\u2013child dyads (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 541; 54% male, 72% non-Hispanic White), we examined whether child behavioral inhibition (BI), a temperament characteristic that increases anxiety risk, mediated and\/or moderated associations between maternal and child symptoms in early childhood. Greater maternal symptoms in infancy and at 3 years were associated with greater child symptoms at 3 years and 5 years (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    s = .15\u2013.23,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    s &lt; .01), but not with child BI at 3 years (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    s = .00\u2013.01,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    s &gt; .92). Thus, evidence for mediation was not observed. Moderation analyses revealed an interactive effect at 3 years (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    = \u22120.13,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .009): Among children with high BI, child symptoms were elevated regardless of maternal symptoms. Among children with moderate to low BI, greater maternal symptoms were associated with greater child symptoms. A similar pattern was observed at 5 years (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    = \u22120.10,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .113). Such associations were not observed when testing maternal depressive symptoms as predictor or child externalizing symptoms as outcome, supporting specificity for BI in intergenerational anxiety processes. Sex-specific effects in relation to BI were not observed. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of child BI in the intergenerational transmission of anxiety in early childhood.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579426101643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T09:03:53Z","timestamp":1783587833000},"page":"1841-1853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The role of child behavioral inhibition in the intergenerational transmission of anxiety in early childhood"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2598-3894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Bosquet Enlow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00dvg7y05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asja","family":"Abron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00dvg7y05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2842-1301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dashiell","family":"Sacks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00dvg7y05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline M.","family":"Kesley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4723-247X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles A.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School"},{"name":"Harvard Graduate School of Education"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954579426101643_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13187"},{"key":"S0954579426101643_ref33","first-page":"46","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis: Anxiety and depressive disorders in offspring of parents with anxiety disorders","volume":"58","author":"Lawrence","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0954579426101643_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00111"},{"key":"S0954579426101643_ref13","volume-title":"ITSEA Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment-Examiner\u2019s Manual. 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