{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:31:53Z","timestamp":1789054313155,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]],"date-time":"1997-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":873072000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dev Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Maternal cocaine use during pregnancy can affect the infant directly through toxic effects or\n\nindirectly through cocaine's influence on maternal psychological status. We followed 160\n\ncocaine exposed and 56 nonexposed infants and their mothers identified at birth through\n\ninterview and\/or urine screen. Although cocaine exposure defined the groups, infant\n\nexposure to alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco was allowed to vary. Infants were 99% African\n\nAmerican and poor. All mothers completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and infants were\n\ngiven the Bayley Scales of Mental (MDI) and Motor (PDI) Development at a mean corrected age\n\nof 17 \u00b1 8 months. Both MDIs (94 \u00b1 17 vs. 103 \u00b1 16) and PDIs (101\n\n\u00b1 16 vs. 108 \u00b1 12) were lower for cocaine exposed infants. Psychological\n\ndistress was greater in cocaine using mothers. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to assess\n\nthe relative effects of gestational age, maternal psychological distress, and cocaine and polydrug\n\nexposure on infant outcomes. Both psychological distress and cocaine and alcohol exposure\n\npredicted lower MDIs after controlling for prematurity. Neither psychological distress nor\n\nalcohol exposure predicted motor outcome, while cocaine had a significant effect. Tobacco and\n\nmarijuana exposure were unrelated to outcome. These findings provide further support for direct\n\neffects of cocaine and alcohol on infant development, as well as highlight the need for studies to\n\ndocument maternal psychological factors, which may increase child risk for poorer\n\noutcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579497001259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:45:41Z","timestamp":1027777541000},"page":"473-489","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Relationship of prenatal cocaine exposure and maternal postpartum psychological distress\n\nto child developmental outcome"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"LYNN","family":"SINGER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ROBERT","family":"ARENDT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KATHLEEN","family":"FARKAS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SONIA","family":"MINNES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JIE","family":"HUANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TOYOKO","family":"YAMASHITA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]]},"container-title":["Development and Psychopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0954579497001259","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T20:27:47Z","timestamp":1554755267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0954579497001259\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0954579497001259"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0954579497001259","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-5794","1469-2198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-5794","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-2198","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]}}}