{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T12:08:49Z","timestamp":1788610129985,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658966400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["315957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["315957"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Camb Q Healthc Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Organ shortage is a major survival issue for millions of people worldwide. Globally 1.2 million people die each year\u00a0from kidney failure. In this paper, we critically examine and find lacking\u00a0extant proposals for\u00a0increasing organ supply, such as opting in and opt out for\u00a0deceased donor organs, and parochial altruism and paired kidney exchange for\u00a0live organs. We defend two ethical solutions\u00a0to the problem of organ shortage.\u00a0One is to make deceased donor organs automatically available for transplant\u00a0without requiring consent from the donor or their relatives. The other is\u00a0for\u00a0society to buy nonvital organs in a strictly regulated market and provide them\u00a0to people in need for free.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0963180121000955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T09:02:20Z","timestamp":1659085340000},"page":"297-309","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Ethical Solutions to the Problem of Organ Shortage"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4804-8033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aksel Braanen","family":"Sterri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadie","family":"Regmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0963180121000955_ref30","first-page":"223","article-title":"The nature of rights","volume":"33","author":"Wenar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Philosophy"},{"key":"S0963180121000955_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04860420"},{"key":"S0963180121000955_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002748"},{"key":"S0963180121000955_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199607860.001.0001"},{"key":"S0963180121000955_ref19","volume-title":"Equal Justice","author":"Rakowski","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0963180121000955_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/0199289999.001.0001"},{"key":"S0963180121000955_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520300078045"},{"key":"S0963180121000955_ref32","first-page":"166","volume-title":"The Morality of Freedom","author":"Raz","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0963180121000955_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dewb.12165"},{"key":"S0963180121000955_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199554423.001.0001"},{"key":"S0963180121000955_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11098-020-01566-0"},{"key":"S0963180121000955_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0131-4"},{"key":"S0963180121000955_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-153-10-201011160-00006"},{"key":"S0963180121000955_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199982509.001.0001"},{"key":"S0963180121000955_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2106652118"},{"key":"S0963180121000955_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11673-020-09981-y"},{"key":"S0963180121000955_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.29.3.139","article-title":"An ethical market in human organs","volume":"29","author":"Commentary","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"key":"S0963180121000955_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Several proponents of opt out explicitly argue against the notion of presumed consent, see Saunders B. 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